海南土壤中Zn、Pb、Cu、Cd四种重金属含量及其生物有效性的研究RESEARCH ON HTE TOTAL BIOAVAILABLE CONCENTRATIONS AND BIOABAILABILITY OF Zn, Pb, Cu and Cd IN SOILS IN HAINAN PROBINCE
朱维晃,杨元根,毕华,刘强
摘要(Abstract):
对海南63个土壤样品中的Zn、Pb、Cu、Cd四种重金属的总量和生物有效态含量以及45个植物样(根、茎、叶)中的重金属含量分别进行了测定,采样点基本上覆盖了海南全省,测定结果表明,土壤中Zn总量低于全国平均值,而Pb、Cu、Cd高于全国平均值,土壤中重金属生物有效态含量一般低于其总量的10%,其中Pb最高为7.71%,而Cu仅为1.13%,具有较大的变异性;植物中重金属含量与土壤中重金属总量呈现负相关性,但与土壤中有效态重金属含量一般呈现正相关性,叶中的重金属含量与土壤中有效态重金属含量之间的相关性更为显著,叶中的重金属含量与土壤中有效态重金属含量之间的相关系数分别为:Zn(0 726),Cu(0 626),Pb(0 774),Cd(0 512)。这说明土壤中重金属总量并不能全面的评价土壤的环境效应和重金属的生物有效性,应该把重金属总量和生物有效态含量结合起来加以研究,并应将土壤中重金属的含量与植物中该元素含量之间作相关分析,根据其相关系数的大小来判断其生物有效性的程度。
关键词(KeyWords): 重金属;土壤;植物;生物有效性;环境效应
基金项目(Foundation): 国家自然科学基金项目(40061003)
作者(Author): 朱维晃,杨元根,毕华,刘强
DOI: 10.16461/j.cnki.1000-4734.2004.03.005
参考文献(References):
- [1] AllenHE Standardsformetalsshouldnotbebasedontotalconcentrations[J] SETACEuropeNews,1997,(8):7~9.
- [2] Tokalio luS,KartalS,ElciL Determinationofheavymetalsandtheirspeciationinlakesedimentsbyflameatomicabsorptionspectrometryafterafour stagesequentialextractionprocedure[J] AnalChimActa,2000,413:33~40.
- [3] BensonWH,AlbertsJJ,AllenHE,HuntCD,NewmanMC Synopsisofdiscussionsessiononthebioavailabilityofinorganiccontaminants[A]HamelinkJL,LandrumPF,BergmanHL,BensonWH Physical,Chemical,andBioavailabilityInteractions[M] BocaRton:LewisPublishers,1994,63
- [4] TarvainenT,KallioE Baselinesofcertainbioavailableandtotalheavymetalconcentrationsinfinland[J] AppliedGeochemisrty,2002,17:975~980
- [5] TessierA,CampbellPRC,BissonM Sequentialextractionproceduresforthespeciationofparticulatetracemetals[J] AnalyticalChemistry,1979,51:844~851
- [6 ShumanLM Chemicalformsofmicronutrientsinsoils[A] MortvedtJJ,CoxFR,ShumanLM,WelchRM MicronutrientsinAgriculture[M].2ndEdition Madison:SoilScienceSocietyofAmerica,1991,113~114
- [7] LeClaireJP,ChangAC,LevesqueCS,SpositoG Correlationsbetweenzincuptakeandextractedsoilzincfractions[J] SoilScienceSocietyofAmericaJournal,1984,48:509~513
- [8] ShanXQ,ChenB Evaluationofsequentialextractionforspeciationoftracemetalsinmodelsoilcontainingnaturalmineralsandhumicacid[J]AnalyticalChemistry,1993,65:802~807
- [9] AllenHE,ChenYT,HuangYP SoilpartitioncoefficientsforCdbycolumndesorptionandcomparisiontobatchadsorptionmeasurements[J]EnvironmentalScienceandTechology,1995,29:1887~1891
- [10] BeckettPHT Theuseofextractantsinstudiesontracemetalsinsoils,sewagesludge,andsludge treatedsoils[J] AdvancesinSoilScience,1989,9:143~176
- [11] QuevauvillerPh,LachicaM,BarahonaE,GomezA,RauretG,UreA,MuntauH CertifiedreferencematerialforthequalitycontrolofEDTAandDTPA extractabletracemetalcontentsincalcareoussoil(CRM600)[J] FreseniusJAnalChem,1998,360:505~511
- [12] SillanpaaM,JanssonH Statusofcadmium,lead,cobaltandseleniuminsoilsandplantsofthirtycountries[Z] FaoSoilsBull,1992,No65
- [13] 魏复盛,陈静生 中国土壤环境背景值研究[J] 环境科学,1991,12(4):12~19
- [14] HakansonL Anecologicalriskindexforaquaticpollutioncontrol Asedimentologicalapproach[J] WaterReseach,1980,14:975~1000
- [15] SimsJT,KlineJS Chemicalfractionationandplantuptakeofheavymetalsinsoilsamendedwithco composedsewagesludge[J] JournalofEnvironmentalQuality,1991,20:387~395