- Abdel Monem M.Soltan;Michael Wendschuh;Helmut Willims;Mohamed Serry;
This work aims at optimizing densification parameters as well as resistance to hydration and slag attack of MgO-Dolomite refractory grains, processed from Egyptian dolomitc-magnesite raw material up to firing for 1-4 h at 1400-1600 ℃, in relation to their phase composition and microfabric. Minor amount of natural ilmenite mineral (0-2 wt%), separated from Egyptian black sands was used in doping the dolomitc-magnesite.
2013年S1期 v.33 1页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 42K] [下载次数：29 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：149 ] - Abdel Monem M;Soltan.Waleed A.Ogila;
This work aims to assessment of the calcitic ornamental stone waste for the stabilization of expansive soil. Calcitic rock-derived waste together with different expansive soils from Egypt were characterized and processed for stabilizer optimization. The mineral, chemical and engineering characteristics of the waste and the soil samples were examined using XRD, DTA, TGA, SEM, XRF as well as geotechnical characteristics such as liquid, plastic and shrinkage limits, plasticity index, free swelling, and uni-axial compressive strength, respectively. The calcitic waste has been calcined in an electrical muffle furnace at 1000℃ for 1 hour. The samples were treated by 0–8% waste post calcination for soaking time1– 4 weeks.
2013年S1期 v.33 2页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 38K] [下载次数：56 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：87 ] -
<正>ICAM 2013 has been organized by the staff members of Southwest University of Science and Technology (SWUST).They have gratefully accepted the assistance and professional advice from their colleagues both locally and abroad,and employees of below instances have been members of the Organizing and Scientific Committees for ICAM2013.Southwest University of Science and
2013年S1期 v.33 3-5页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 556K] [下载次数：22 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：86 ] - Abraham Rozendaal;Rene Heyn;
The Neoproterozoic Riviera W-REE-Mo deposit is one of the largest unmined tungsten resources in the world and is associated with pervasively altered A-type granites of the Neoproterozoic Cape Granite Suite Western Cape, South Africa. The present study investigated the mineral chemistry of scheelite, the principal ore mineral with the aim to record the variation of solid solution molybdenum for geometallurgical purposes and also as an indicator of changing redox conditions of the mineralizing hydrothermal fluids. Methodology included UV-fluorescence studies and micro-analyses by LA-ICP-MS. Results have shown that at least four phases of scheelite are hosted by the endoskarn zone, potassic alteration zone and various quartz-carbonate veins. This reflects hydrothermal fluid evolution from early stage reduced to late stage, vein associated and more oxidized. The molybdenum content of the dominant early phase scheelite is low and renders the deposit amenable to low penalty mineral recovery.
2013年S1期 v.33 3页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 19K] [下载次数：40 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：124 ] - Akbar Mehdilo;Mehdi Irannajad;Bahram Rezai;
Qara-aghaj and Skandian as hard rock titanium deposit and Kahnooj one as a placer deposit were investigated from applied mineralogical point of view. The mineralogical studies were carried out using XRD, XRF, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and microprobe analysis. These studies indicated that ilmenite and magnetite are main valuable minerals in the studied ores. Pyroxene, olivine and plagioclase are the main gangue minerals in Qara-aghaj ore while chlorite and plagioclase are the major gangue minerals in Skandian ore. Plagioclase, clinopyroxene, amphibole, feldspate and some quartz are the important gangue minerals in kahnooj deposit. In all three ores ilmenite is mainly in the form of ilmenite grains but some lamellae of ilmenite with thickness between 0.1 to 20 μm have been occurred as exsolution textures inside magnetite grains, where the magnetite here can be referred to as ilmenomagnetite. In the hard rock ores some fine ilmenites have been disseminated in silicate minerals. The liberation degree of granular ilmenite was determined 150, 140 and 200 μm for Qara-aghaj, Skandian and Kahnooj, respectively. So, only the granular form of ilmenite is recoverable by physical methods. Some sphene and rutile as titanium containing minerals were observed mainly inside ilmenite phase in kahnooj ore. Some fine rutile was also found inside Skandian ilmenite while there were not any other titanium minerals inside Qara-aghaj ilmenite. Apatite is another valuable mineral which was found only in Qara-aghaj ore. Using SEM and microprobe analysis it was found that there are different amounts of exsolved fine lamellae of hematite inside ilmenite in Qara-aghaj and Kahnooj ores while it was not observed in Sckandian one. The average contents of TiO2 in the lattice of Qara-aghaj, Skandian and Kahnooj ilmenite were determined 51.13, 50.9% and 52.02%, respectively. FeO content of ilmenite lattice for all three samples is clearly lower than the theoretical content. This is due to the substitution of Mg and Mn for some Fe2+ ions in the ilmenite lattice. V2O3 content of magnetite lattice is up to 1%. So, magnetite can be a suitable source for production of vanadium as a by-product in all three deposits.
2013年S1期 v.33 4页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 29K] [下载次数：38 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：114 ] - Aleksandra Kozowska;Marta Kuberska;Anna Feldman-Olszewska;Katarzyna Jarmo owicz-Szulc;Anna Maliszewska;
The beginning of iron ore mining in southern Poland dates back to very ancient times. The largest underground iron ore mine from Roman times was discovered in the northern margin of the Holy Cross Mountains, near Nowa S upia. In the seventeenth century the intensive development of iron mining occurred in this area. The iron ore mines from the Cz stochowa-Wieluń area started in the fourteenth century. Several iron ore mines in both areas worked in the 20-ies and 30-ies of the twentieth century. Since the beginning of the 70's the ore mining has been under reduction in connection with the decision of liquidation of the iron ore mining industry in Poland. The stage of the mine closure finished in 1982, when last mines closed down in the Cz stochowa-Wieluń area.
2013年S1期 v.33 5页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 68K] [下载次数：35 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：110 ] - Maarten A.T.M.;
<正>The International Council for Applied Mineralogy Congress(ICAM)is the most important regular gathering of applied mineralogists.The ICAM2013,to be held at Southwest University of Science and Technology (SWUST)in Mianyang,China,on07-10July,is our 11th meeting.It has been 32 years since the inaugural meeting in Johannesburg,South Africa in1981and this decenary event perhaps heralds a new era for Applied Mineralogy as we tackle a whole new set of challenges facing our world today.At our last meeting
2013年S1期 v.33 6页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 7K] [下载次数：17 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：104 ] - Anatoly T.Titov;Piter M.Larionov;Vladimir I.Zaikovskii;
The present work deals with the investigation of mineralization of coccus bacteria infecting human organism, for the Staphylococcus aureus colony as example. The structure and morphology in calcified heard valves and their bioprostheses were investigated.Infectious (septic) endocarditis is characteristic of all the heart valves of this series. About 50 samples of heart valves and their bioprostheses (porcine) subjected to calcium phosphate mineralization were studied. In addition, for more details, we carried out modeling of the ion composition of blood plasma with respect to major elements with the microbial culture of Staphylococcus aureus. In the experiments, a colony of bacteria on solid agar was placed in the aqueous solution with ion concentrations Са = 1.33 mM; Р = 1.5 mM; Mg = 1 mM; NaCl = 0.15 M. The composition of the solution corresponded to the concentrations of ionized elements in the blood of a healthy adult person. The colony of bacteria was in the upper part of the solution.
2013年S1期 v.33 6页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 49K] [下载次数：22 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：97 ] -
<正>~~
2013年S1期 v.33 7页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 5K] [下载次数：19 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：48 ] <正>~~
2013年S1期 v.33 7页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 5K] [下载次数：12 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：50 ] - Anna Pryadunenko;Kre Kullerud;
A low-grade metamorphic ultramafic rock at the Kval ya Island, North Norway, shows Ni content up to 5 600 ppm, and an average content of 2 500 ppm Ni. Olivine is absent from the rock, and Ni is principally bonded in pentlandite, violarite and millerite. The rock might be considered as a low-grade ore, with 0.2wt%– 0.56wt% Ni. Other metals that might be of economic interest to extract from the rock include Co (from pentlandite and violarite), and Cr and Fe (from magnetite).
2013年S1期 v.33 7页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 20K] [下载次数：22 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：99 ] <正>~~
2013年S1期 v.33 8页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 5K] [下载次数：13 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：57 ] -
<正>~~
2013年S1期 v.33 8页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 5K] [下载次数：14 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：43 ] - BAO Tingting;YANG Jing;MA Hongwen;
The application of K-rich nephline syenite ores would produce some tailings, which will cause many disadvantages such as more land occupation. In this research, an process was obtained to extract rare earth from the K-rich nephline syenite tailings of Gejiu, Yunnan province, China. This tailings mainly composed of K-feldspar, biotite, magnetite, andradite, nepheline and 0.1% rare earth. The chemical compositions are shown in Table 1.
2013年S1期 v.33 8页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 57K] [下载次数：25 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：78 ] - CAO Xi;CHUAN Xiu-yun;
The template carbonization method was utilized for the production of mesoporous carbons using attapulgite as a template and sucrose as carbon precursor. Sucrose was polymerized and carbonized in the tubes of natural attapulgite using a sulfuric acid catalyst. The structure of the template and carbons were investigated by powder X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and Nitrogen adsorption analysis techniques. At the micrometer level, the carbon material templated with the natural attapulgite had the similar morphology. Nitrogen adsorption analysis showed that the obtained porous carbons possess a wide pore size distribution and a large pore volume, especially in the range of mesopores.
2013年S1期 v.33 9页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 19K] [下载次数：40 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：95 ] - Dong Faqin;
<正>This Program&Abstracts booklet comprises the consolidated Extended Abstracts submitted to the 11th International Congress for Applied Mineralogy(ICAM),held at Southwest University of Science and Technology (SWUST)in Mianyang,China,on 07-10 July 2013.
2013年S1期 v.33 9页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 6K] [下载次数：22 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：96 ] - Carina Ulsen;Henrique Kahn;Guilherme Nery;Daniel Uliana;Juliana L.Antoniassi;
Gold has been present throughout the history of mankind and used to make jewelry and coins, and recently, acquired several industrial uses. The price of gold in international market had a significant increasing, surpassing 100% in the last five years. Thereby, deposits with low levels of gold content, gold with complex associations or in a very fine particle size became exploitable again, allowing new projects and expansion of existing ones. However, for maximum process efficiency is indispensable a deep knowledge of the characteristics of these minerals and their behavior in face of beneficiation processes. Consequently, an accurate routine for mineralogical and technological characterization is essential.
2013年S1期 v.33 10页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 20K] [下载次数：85 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：4 ] |[阅读次数：105 ] - CHEN Bo;XU Xisheng;CHEN Xiaoming;LU Xiancai;
Boehmite was prepared under heat treatment in water vapour, and the phase transformation of gibbsite heat-treated at various temperatures was investigated. The sample was characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetry and differential thermalanalysis (TG-DTA), fourier transform infrared (FTIR),and BET surface area.Effect of temperature on preparation was studied in the range of 155°–195°.With the increase in temperature, transformation of gibbsite into crystalline boehmites took place as indicated by the X-ray diffraction (XRD). The shape of the grains in the prepared sample was cube-like morphology.In water vapour gibbsite transform into boehmite by a dissolution - precipitation mechanism.
2013年S1期 v.33 11页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 19K] [下载次数：28 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：104 ] - CHEN Jungang;PENG Tongjiang;SUN Hongjuan;
The thermostability, structure, oxidized functional group and hydrophilic of the different reduction temperature of graphene oxide were investigated by TG-DTA, XRD, FTIR, Raman and Water contact angle analysis. There are three stages in the process. The first stage, under 150℃, desorption of adsorbed water on the graphene oxide, hydrophilic is best. The second stage, at 150–300℃, thermal decomposition of partial oxide functional group, graphene oxide was partly thermal reduction, hydrophilic diminishing. The third stage, at 300–550℃, temperature of 300–450℃ when oxidized functional group of graphene oxide is further decomposition, hydrophilic further reduced, temperature of 450–550℃, the carbon skeleton of graphene oxide decomposition. The thermal reduction process of graphene oxide only removed the oxidized functional group their structural deficiencies have not been restored, but due to thermal reduction process and build new structure defect.
2013年S1期 v.33 12页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 38K] [下载次数：51 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：105 ] - CHEN Wu;DONG Faqin;DAI Qunwei;YANG Jie;NIU Zhen;
In order to know the particle size distribution and mineral compositions of dust in Maiji town, Tianshui City, Gansu Province, size distribution and physical compositions of atmosphere natural dropping dust have been analyzed. Based on the natural dropping dust ζ potential and the mass percentage of main mineral compositions in dust fall, we present two models (calculation method and hybrid method) for the zeta potential of atmospheric dust fall in pure water. The results illustrated that the natural dropping dust in Maiji town belongs to inhalable particles. The main mineral compositions and contents of the dust are quartz (57.08%), calcite (27.79%), albite (10.29%), muscovite (4.84%). Atmospheric dust fall in pure water is electronegativity and ζ potential decreased with increasing pH. There are some differences exist in the two modeling ways, but have a similar tendency. The zeta potential differences between natural dropping dust and modeling dust reflects the zeta potential contribution rate of main mineral particles in dust and the effect of trace polarity organic pollutants or other minerals.
2013年S1期 v.33 13页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 46K] [下载次数：31 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：100 ] - CHENG Yun-hong;HUANG Fei;LI Guang-lu;YANG Qing-yu;HAN Peng;LIU Rui;
Skarn gold deposit tailings is a kind of tailings which is difficult to be utilized effectively. Taking a skarn gold deposit tailings from Hubei province, in China, as an example, the paper has tested and analyzed the tailings, and studied the characteristics and available attributes of the tailings, and provided scientific and efficient utilization approaches of tailings in the area of building materials further. The results showed that major mineral phases in the tailings is quartz, particle sizes of the tailings mainly exist in 10–100 μm, and the tailings has no pozzolanic activity. As a result, this kind of tailings can be used for building sand, and can be used as supplementary cementing material of concrete based on mechano-chemistry
2013年S1期 v.33 14页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 64K] [下载次数：33 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：1 ] |[阅读次数：122 ] - Christian Lang;Matthew Hiscock;Jussi Liipo;Hans Otterstroem;
Ore grades are currently declining and mines are increasingly required to operate more efficiently in order to save costs and conserve resources. As a result, automated procedures to control and measure process efficiency have become popular: The demand for sustainable mining and metals processing is globally increasing. Mineral Liberation Analysis is a well established technique to analyse and optimize mining processes and its significance to process mineralogy studies and mineral & metallurgical processing has been widely reported. Dedicated systems consisting of an optimized scanning electron microscopes (SEM) and usually several X-ray detectors are an established solution. With the advent of large area SDDs (Silicon drift detector) and progress in stage automation on conventional SEMs, the speed of X-Ray acquisition is no longer a limiting factor. However, until now, the particle analysis packages on commercially available systems do not lend themselves to Mineral Liberation Analysis without significant modification. INCAMineral is a new solution for mineral liberation analysis which runs on conventional SEMs equipped with large area SDDs.
2013年S1期 v.33 15页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 22K] [下载次数：53 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：134 ] - DAI Qunwei;DONG Fa-qin;ZHAO Yulian;DENG Jianjun;
This paper studied the reciprocity effect between wollastonite and a strain silicate bacterium from purple soil. We analyzed the changes of pH value, glucose (GLU) residual concentration, electrolyte and Mn, Si, Fe etc. in the culture liquid with wollastonite after 48 h. The results show that the GLU wastage of silicate bacteria with wollastonite is 2.5 times of the bacterial contrast. It showed wollastonite could obviously accelerate silicate bacteria growth, but bacterial cell broken and distorted badly have been found by SEM analysis. The solubilization of silicate bacteria to Si element of wollastonite reached above 10 times. At the same time, three apices in FTIR of wollastonite (898 cm-1, 925 cm-1, 962 cm-1) descended obviously after the action of silicate bacteria, which shows that a great deal of Si has dissolved out. So we can get that wollastonite has remarkable effect to the growth of silicate bacteria and silicate bacteria has obvious solubilization to Si of wollastonite.
2013年S1期 v.33 16页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 19K] [下载次数：33 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：1 ] |[阅读次数：87 ] - Daniel Uliana;M.Manuela M.Lé Tassinari;Henrique Kah;Marco Antonio Angora;
This paper presents a methodology for studying low grade lateritic nickel ore, which usually presents complex mineralogy, with widespread nickel in several mineral phases. The study is focused on determining the mineralogy and the distribution of nickel in the bearing minerals. Laboratory assays comprise homogenization, sampling and particle size analysis. Chemical analyses by X-ray fluorescence are performed in all fractions sizes, while mineralogical assessments by X-ray diffraction are carried out for head sample. The mineralogical composition of the samples and the partition of main elements in the bearing minerals are assayed by size fraction through automated image analysis software (MLA) coupled to a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The chemical compositions of the several minerals identified in MLA are determined during systematic observations on SEM with energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS).
2013年S1期 v.33 17页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 21K] [下载次数：61 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：2 ] |[阅读次数：80 ] - DONG Hailiang;
Mineral–microbe interactions indirectly affect the geochemical fluxes and biogeochemical cycling of a large number of elements. Among them are toxic heavy metals (e.g. chromium), radionuclides (uranium and technetium), and nitrogen. Heavy metals and radionuclides enter the environment from various sources such as mining activity, nuclear weapons production, metallurgical and chemical industries. Other metals, such as lead, arsenic, antimony, and cadmium, are enriched in certain environments by either natural or anthropogenic processes. Because many of these metals and radionuclides are carcinogens, their release into the environment and their fate cause intense scientific and public concern and are the subject of substantial research. Nitrate enters the environment largely through agricultural activity. Human health risks from nitrate uptake from drinking water supplies run the gamut from increased cancer risk to birth defects.
2013年S1期 v.33 18页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 42K] [下载次数：31 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：74 ] - Eddy Hill;
Use of the scanning electron microscope (SEM) to characterize ores provides mineralogists and metallurgists with invaluable information for the optimisation of processes. Manually obtaining relevant information such as, for example, mineral coatings that may interfere with flotation, mineral separations, the location of values, mineralogical or process reasons for low recovery, etc, can be exhausting and time consuming. For this reason, automated SEM methods for mineralogical characterisation have been devised. These methods rely on qualitative analyses of the samples using EDX or BSD grey levels to classify the phases present. The non-quantitative nature of the analyses means that other techniques, such as electron microprobe analysis (EMPA), must be used in conjunction with the SEM to obtain quantitative information of the sample. To overcome this limitation, Carl Zeiss has devised a method for the quantitative analysis of the mineralogy of any ore or ore-derived processed material; allowing for the full quantitative evaluation of a resource to be performed automatically by the SEM.
2013年S1期 v.33 19页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 21K] [下载次数：21 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：75 ] - Emin ifti;Abdurrahman Lermi;Bülent Yal nalp;
Most of the massive sulfide deposits (VMS) occurring from Precambrian to Cenozoic throughout the world has been subsequently metamorphosed at various grades. Thus, all the original textures have been either completely destroyed or strongly modified. However, there are a very few examples, rather younger deposits such as late Cretaceous Turkish VMS deposits and Miocene Kuroko deposits of Japan in which representative and original ore textures are preserved. The Turkish massive sulfide deposits are mainly Cu-Zn-Pb-type and entirely hosted by Late Cretaceous felsic volcanic rocks within a paleoarc geotectonic setting.
2013年S1期 v.33 20页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 67K] [下载次数：43 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：79 ] - Emin ifti;H.Haluk Selim;Dougles Crowe;
Optical cathodoluminescence microscopy (CLM) can provide very useful information both on mineral zoning formed during crystal growth and on variations in chemical composition of sphalerites which is reflected by their visible colors. Gem quality sphalerite crystals associated with dolomite, calcite and fluorite having 3 different visible colors - green, honey and brown - were studied to compare their mineral chemistry and CL characteristics. Electron microprobe analyses indicated essentially no significant differences in terms of major components. Although the common CL-quencher ferrous iron contents of all three were lower than 0.25 wt %, none of the sphalerites cathodoluminescenced: two (brown and honey) were non-CL, the green sphalerite showed very week CL in faint brown color. Other trace elements that were analyzed include Fe, Cd, Mn, Ag, Hg, In, Bi, Cu, Ge, and Ga. Fe, Cd, Ga and Cu were relatively higher than the others. Most significant differences with respect to the common trace elements include honey colored sphalerites are essentially Fe- and Cd-poor but rich in Ga, green sphalerites are Fe- and Cd- rich but poor in all the others, and brown sphalerites are rich in Cd. No conclusive relation between non-CL behavior of all three sphalerites and their trace element chemistry was established, however; low quantities of common CL activators in sphalerite crystal structures such as Mn, Cu, and In were the main cause of the non-CL behavior.
2013年S1期 v.33 21页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 21K] [下载次数：36 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：84 ] - Emin ifti;smail Erdag;
Marble that exploited for micronized calcite production in Nigde area (South Central Turkey) occur in the Upper Cretaceous Gümü ler, A gedi i, and Kaleboynu Formations of the Nigde Massif. Although there are a few marble producing quarries in the area, it is long been known that the marbles of this area are generally highly fractured and don’t yield large blocks or suitable slabs meeting the industrial demands. Thus, most of the production is currently carried out mainly as building stone, crushed stone and micronized calcite. Due mainly to high demand, micronized calcite has been becoming very significant export product to the state’s economy. Because the Nigde marbles are coarse grained with high CaCO3 content, high purity and whiteness, they are considered to be the highest quality micronized calcite quarries in the country. Consequently, the area drew many national and international investors resulting in significant increase in the number and extent of micronized calcite plants in the area. In early 1980’s, the city of Nigde had only one or two plants, it is now well over 5 including foreign investors and joint ventures. Annual production is also considerably increased from 20,000-30,000 tones to almost half a million tones and it is still in increasing trend.
2013年S1期 v.33 22页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 47K] [下载次数：18 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：48 ] - Esmail Elahpour;
In north region of Mud city, southeast of Birjand – central east of Iran, in the position of 59/37 east longitude and 32/50 north latitude, we have some outcrops of relatively fresh basic volcanic rocks. They seem to be young and they mentioned Quaternary volcanic lavas in related geological map. According some signs such zoning in Olivine phenocrysts, absence of alteration signs in olivine phenocrysts rims and relatively low value of plagioclase in the composition of rocks, we propose that their volcanic nature is alkaline. This fact that they have erupted as the result of right lateral deep fault zones, also reinforce our Idea. In the area we see this structural architector as the results of major Nehbandan fault system behavior.
2013年S1期 v.33 23页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 19K] [下载次数：18 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：112 ] - FAN Yun;ZHU Meiwen;NI Yuwen;CHEN Jiping;CHEN Mengjun;
The low-temperature thermal treatment to degrade PCDD/Fs contained in fly ash was promoted by alcohol amines in a closed system. Three types of fly ash collected separately from municipal solid waste incinerator, medical waste incinerator and hazardous waste incinerator, were compared. Experimental design was used to investigate the homologue patterns of PCDD/Fs and distribution of the toxic congeners in fly ash from incinerator after thermal treatment promoted by alcohol amines. The effect of ethanolamine (MEA) on the hydrodechlorination reaction of polychlorinated aromatics pollutants on fly ash from solid waste incinerator was carried out, and the three ashes clearly showed different degradation potentials for PCDD/F during thermal treatment. Results from the present study indicate that (1) the concentration of alkaline species and metals strongly influenced the degradation of PCDD/F; (2) after addition of 8% MEA, the toxicity equivalent (TEQ) values of PCDD/Fs in fly ash were significantly lower than those obtained without MEA. 49%–71% of PCDD/Fs in TEQ was removed from different types of ash at 250℃ with 8% MEA; (3) the destruction and dechlorination are major mechanism for PCDD/Fs degradation.
2013年S1期 v.33 24页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 39K] [下载次数：24 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：86 ] - FU Kaibin;WANG Zheng;XIAO Junhui;LUO Deqiang;
Heap leaching is a promising, less costly, alternative technology for processing low grade gold ores compared with traditional, energy intensive processes (e.g. autoclave/tank leaching). This research investigated the effectiveness of lime for enhancing gold leaching rates of gold ores from ajialongwa gold mine in china. Column and heaping experiments were performed using cyanide leaching solutions at pH=10, with and without lime (CaO). The presence of lime greatly increased gold leaching rates. Column leaching experiments showed without the addition of lime, there was 35.2% of gold leached. The addition of lime resulted in the release of 50.56% gold. Lime assisted cyanide of refractory gold was proved by heap leaching experiments.
2013年S1期 v.33 25页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 19K] [下载次数：40 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：59 ] - GAO Shang;HUANG Fei;SONG Dan;LI Guanglu;LIU Jia;GAO Wenyuan;LIU Qiang;FENG Taiwei;ZHAO Ran;
Fe3S4 is important magnetic mineral that widely exists in the sediments of lakes and oceans. It can not only instruct reducing environment that contains organic matter and sulfate, but also provide paleomagnetic signal for paleoenvironmet research. Simultaneously, as a new type of magnetic material, it causes attention. Because Fe3S4 generally exists as an unstable intermediate, it is stringent in preparation conditions. Although some scholars have conducted on the synthesis experiments of Fe3S4 materials, the research on its stable conditions, formation mechanism and evolution process is not yet depth. Accordingly, defining the stable conditions and revealing evolution law of Fe3S4 nanocrystals have important significance for the determination of environmental conditions and the preparation of pure Fe3S4 nanomaterials.
2013年S1期 v.33 26页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 69K] [下载次数：59 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：131 ] - GAO Wenyuan;HUANG Fei;LI Guanglu;ZENG Ming;LIU Ziyi;LIU Rui;DUAN Tianxu;GAO Shang;LIU Jia;
Iron sulfide minerals are widely distributed, of which characteristics had the identification significance of formation environment. Previously, there were more research on iron sulfide minerals under hydrothermal condition, and few studies under volcanism formation condition. To simulate volcanic mineralization, the study of different temperature from 250 to 410℃ , different iron sulfur ratio from Fe:S=2∶1 to 1∶8, and two different sources of iron, reduced iron powder (Fe) and ferrous sulfide (FeS), on iron sulfide mineral evolution was investigated under thermal sulfurization condition. By using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and other methods, the morphology, composition and structural characteristics of the products were observed and analyzed.
2013年S1期 v.33 27页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 72K] [下载次数：32 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：3 ] |[阅读次数：161 ] - GU Xiaobin;NIU Jingjing;QIN Shan;
Antarcticite, a mineral with composition CaCl2·6H2O and structure P321, is an ideal phase change material (PCM) due to the high energy storage density and good thermal conductivity. However, the existence of supercooling and incongruent melting would weaken its thermal properties and then hinder its application. In this paper, based on the cooling curve method and DSC measurement, we experimentally selected the minor SrCl2·6H2O as the nucleator and carboxyl methyl cellulose as the thickening agent, which could significantly reduce supercooling and partly restrain the incongruent melting. Moreover, we incorporated Antarcticite as PCM into building envelopes in four different cases, the simulation of the heat transfer processes showed that the temperature fluctuation could be reduced to about 2℃ in the best case.
2013年S1期 v.33 28页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 39K] [下载次数：65 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：2 ] |[阅读次数：94 ] - GU Ying;
It has been over 40 years since scientists and engineers attempted to automate optical microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM) to measure the mineral liberation characteristics of ores in order to predict their flotation responses. As early as 1963, the first optical instrument equipped with a video camera to analyse grain structure of a sample was produced by Metals Research Instrument Corporation (Image Analysis Company Ltd., 1970), which introduced Quantimet 720, a fully digital image analysis system, in 1969. Remarkably, Quantimet system is still widely used today.
2013年S1期 v.33 29页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 23K] [下载次数：35 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：48 ] - HAI Yun;LIAO Libing;DU Gaoxiang;L Guocheng;
China produces the largest amount of graphite raw materials in the world and the largest amount of graphite tailings at the same time. At present, graphite tailings in China are up to 200 million tones, which not only occupy large area of land, cause environmental pollutions, the collapes of the tailings dam also threaten the life of local residents.
2013年S1期 v.33 30页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 47K] [下载次数：44 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：96 ] - HE Hongping;LI Tian;TAO Qi;CHEN Tianhu;
Saponite has been widely used in a number of industrial fields because of the higher surface acidity and thermal stability when compared with other clay minerals (Alexander and Dubois, 2000; Casagrande et al., 2005). Due to its limited natural resource, synthesis of saponite has attracted much attention during the last two decades (Vogels et al., 2005; Bisio et al., 2008). The main aim of this study is to investigate occupancy of Al ions and its effect on the structure of synthetic saponites.
2013年S1期 v.33 31页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 49K] [下载次数：41 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：110 ] - HE Hua;DONG Faqin;HE Ping;YANG Wei;
Calcium sulfate hemihydrate (CaSO4·0.5H2O, HH) is one of the three most commonly phases of gypsum observed in natural precipitates. Calcium sulfate hemihydrate whisker is a kind of fibriform single crystal with the mean diameter of 1-3 μm and the mean aspect ratio of 30–80. HH whisker was the most promising reinforcement seemed to be calcium sulfate-based due to its high intensity, high corrosion-resistance, good thermal stability, non-poisonous and low price. Thus, HH whiskers combine both reinforcement and low price, may be both effective in improving mechanical performance and extending application area.
2013年S1期 v.33 32页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 65K] [下载次数：112 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：91 ] - HE Qian;SUN Hongjuan;PENG Tongjiang;LI Tao;
Ca-bentonite can be converted into zeolites A through hydrothermal alkaline treatment by varying the synthetic parameters. This study focuses on the effect of initial Si/Al molar ratio, NaOH concentration on the type of formed zeolite A. The Ca-bentonite (China, Fuxin)were mixed with an aqueous NaOH solution, Al(OH)3 powder and hydrothermally treated at about 90 ℃,12 h. Different types of zeolites (zeolite X, P, and A),sodalite were synthesized after the treatment. Zeolites were characterized and quantified by means of XRD and SEM analysis. Zeolite A predominantly formed with 0.5≤Si/Al≤2.0 was produced and zeolite X, P formed with Si/Al>2.0 under the 2.2mol/LNaOH concentration; Sodalite was also formed under high NaOH molarities. Shape of zeolite A is show the cube by the SEM micrograph.
2013年S1期 v.33 33页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 64K] [下载次数：45 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：1 ] |[阅读次数：84 ] - HE Xia;GUO Yuting;DONG Faqing;WANG Kui;YU Siwang;
With the extensive mining and application of lanthanides in China and worldwide, the potential impact of lanthanides on human health is gaining increasing attentions. The recent etiological association of gadolinium-based contrast agents with nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF) evoked widespread concerns regarding the safety issue of lanthanides. The elucidation of the cellular biological effects of and the signalling cascade induced lanthanides is essential for proper evaluation of their health impacts.
2013年S1期 v.33 34页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 49K] [下载次数：28 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：69 ] - HONG Hanlie;GAO Wenpeng;YIN Ke;LI Zhaohui;WANG Chaowen;
The clay mineralogy of the clay intervals interbedded with siliceous mudstones across the Permian-Triassic boundary (PTB) in Pengda, Guiyang, Guizhou province, was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The clay mineral assemblages of the sediments are mainly I/S clays and minor smectite, kaolinite, and illite as reveled by XRD analyses. The peak-shape parameters BB1 and BB2 of I/S clays of the representative clay bed PL-01 are 4.7° and 4.4°, and the peak position of the low angle reflection is at 6.8° 2θ (13.6 ), suggesting that the I/S clays has a IS type of ordering. However, the presence of multi-order reflections and their intensities are different from those of completely ordered 1∶1 mixed-layer I/S clay rectorite, indicating that I/S clays of the Pengda section have partially ordered IS structures. HRTEM observations show that most of the I/S clays exhibit an IS stacking ordering. However, in some areas within a IS particle, smectite layer is observed in doublets, triplets, and quartets, which are interstratified by various amounts of illite layers, suggesting the presence of other irregular stacking in addition to the major 1∶1 IS ordered stacking. Transformation of smectite layer into illite layers is also observed in the I/S clays, suggesting that the Pengda I/S clays are derived from smectite illitization, in good agreement with the clay mineral assemblage. The I/S clays of the Pengda section contain up to 45% to 95% smectite layer, the notably higher contents of smectite layer relative to those of other PTB stratigraphic sets in south China can be attributed to difference in alteration and smectite illitization processes due to different sedimentary environments.
2013年S1期 v.33 35页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 79K] [下载次数：64 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：77 ] - HONG Qiuyang;ZHANG Lili;LI Bo;
China’s manganese resources are usually associated with the valuable elements such as silver, lead, zinc, cobalt, nickel, scandium, etc which should be comprehensively recovered during the manganese beneficiation. A manganese ore from western China contains Mn 23.18%, Co 0.073%, Ni 0.21% and Sc 0.013%. The mineralogy composition of ore and the occurrence of associated elements of Sc, Co as well as Ni are studied in this paper. According to the results, the manganese minerals in this ore are mainly lithiophorite and a little secondary pyrolusite. The lithiophorite in this ore is rich in aluminum and actually it is the generic name for the multi-mineral aggregates mixed by silicon, aluminum and iron, which is quite different with the ordinary psilomelane. There is not any Sc, Ni or Co mineral in this ore and more than 98% of Sc, Ni and Ni exists in lithiophorite and pyrolusite. The distribution of Sc, Co and Ni in lithiophorite is further studied by EPMA and the results indicate that Sc and Co in lithiophorite is sparse and dispersed distribution while Ni usually distributes in the argillaceous lithiophorite and is local enrichment. Reduction-sulfuric acid leaching tests show that the dissolution of Sc and Co happens before lithiophorite dissolves; the dissolution rate of Sc and Co is almost the same, which is significantly higher than the dissolution rate of manganese. However, the dissolution rate of Ni is extremely low with the dissolution of manganse, which indicates that Ni is hard to dissolve and its dissolution rate obviously lags behind that of Mn, Sc and Co. The conclusion can be drawn that Sc and Co exist in the lithiophorite crystals as interface adsorption while Ni exists in the clay (kaolinite) mixed up with lithiophorite as interface adsorption. The conclusion indicates that Sc and Co can dissolve before the dissolution of manganese at a high dissolution rate in the hydrometallurgical process while Ni is also into the solution through desorption from the interface of clay but its dissolution rate is rather slow because of the insoluble nature of clay.
2013年S1期 v.33 36页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 21K] [下载次数：25 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：113 ] - HUO Tingting;DONG Faqin;WANG Mingcui;SUN Shiyong;DENG Jianjun;ZHANG Qingbi;YU Siwang;
In this study A549 cell viability, extracellular activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)–α and interleukin (IL)-6 levels were investgated after incubation with quartz (KWC-Q4 and KWC-Q3), Nano-SiO2, and KWC-M, the micronucleaus test and comet assay was carried out to evaluate the genotoxicity. The results showed that, there were significant difference in the cell death rate and extracellular LDH activity compared with the control group, and appeared a good linear relationship in certain concentration range. All mineral particle tested can induce the increase of TNF-α after incubation with mineral powders at 200 μg/mL for 3h merely, and significant increase of IL-6 for 24h, the results indicated the inflammatory reaction can be triggered by the exposure of KWC-Q4, KWC-Q3, Nano-SiO2, and KWC-M. The micronucleus test result showed the MNF (Micronucleus frequency) listed as Nano-SiO2>KWC-Q3>KWC-Q4. There is no significant increase of KWC-M compared with the control group, maybe resulted from its high cell death rate at low concentration. The comet assay confirmed the genotoxicity of all samples tested, the DNA damage: KWC-M > Nano-SiO2 > KWC-Q4 > KWC-Q3.
2013年S1期 v.33 37页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 66K] [下载次数：25 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：77 ] - JIN Xinliang;PENG Tongjiang;
Fly ash was used to prepare alumina and silica white, The 3 stages of the process are as follows: ammonium sulfate calcining, acid leaching and alkali dissolution. The optimum conditions for the experiments to determine are as follows: molar ratio of (NH4)2SO4/Al2O3 is 6, the calcining time is 2h, he H2SO4 concentration is 20%, the leaching temperature is 80℃ and dissolution duration is 2h, the ratio of solution and solid reaction material is 6 for ammonium sulfate calcining and acid leaching stage, reaction time 30min, ratio of liquid to ore 5∶1, alkali concentration 45% and reaction temperature 95 ℃for the alkali dissolution stage. Under these conditions, the total leaching efficiencies of Al2O3 and SiO2 are 78.86% and 95%, respectively. The quality of the main products alumina and silica white can meet the national standards of GB/T24487-2009 and GB10517-89, respectively.
2013年S1期 v.33 38页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 57K] [下载次数：53 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：1 ] |[阅读次数：72 ] - Juliana Lívi Antoniassi;Daniel Uliana;Henrique Kahn;M.Manuela M.Lé Tassinari;Carina Ulsen;
New attention has been given to the resources of rare earth minerals over the last years. The natural shortage of these elements in the Earth’s crust and trade restrictions recently imposed by China, motivated the Brazilian Government to encourage new projects by inserting the exploitation of rare earths in the National Mining Plan, which deals with industry strategic issues in the country, helping to reduce current importation. The incentives can be in the choice of future targets for mineral exploration and for the development of laboratory studies and pilot scale processing tests.
2013年S1期 v.33 39页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 20K] [下载次数：33 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：1 ] |[阅读次数：76 ] - LI Jun;LI Yue;ZHANG Dawei;XIA Dan;CHENG Hao;LIU Li;HUANG Yudong;JIANG Zaixing;
ZrO2/Graphene nanocomposites are fabricated from graphene oxide by one-step, green, facile and low-cost SCCO2 method. The as-prepared nanocomposites are characterized by means of X-ray photoelectron, transmission electron microscopy and catalytic chemiluminescence measurement. The ZrO2 nanoparticles with size of several nanometers are uniformly coated on the graphene surface. The chemiluminescence characteristic to ethanol of the as-prepared nanocomposite paper is also investigated. The nanocomposite paper obtained displays high catalytic chemiluminescence sensitivity and highly selectivity to the ethanol gas. This study provides a facile, green and low-cost route to prepare nanoscopic gas sensing devices with application in safe protection, food fermentation, medical process and traffic safe.
2013年S1期 v.33 40页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 20K] [下载次数：52 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：76 ] - KE Lihua;CHEN Jie;
According to the particularity of the open pit, the main influencing factors of mining quantity about mineral resources have been summarized systematically in life cycle and the structured hierarchical relation of its influencing factors has been constructed. In the light of the production process of open pit, the functional relationships between investment, mining cost and mining quantity have been defined based on the process of mining and loading so that the relation of the life cycle cost and mining quantity can be set up. And what’s more, in order to obtain the maximum economic profit of mining enterprises in life cycle, the planning model of mining quantity has been established based on the life cycle cost. The rational distribution of mining quantity will have been found on the condition of obtaining optimal solution about the planning model so as to determine scientifically the production scale of mining enterprises from the point of view of the sustainable development.
2013年S1期 v.33 41页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 19K] [下载次数：38 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：77 ] - KONG Xiang-kai;CHEN Qian-wang;
Graphene, the thinnest and hardest nano-material in the world, is non-toxic, sustainable and with minimal environmental footprint. As one of the most important carbon materials, it is composed of a monolayer of carbon atoms with a honeycomb structure. Nowadays, scientists have tried to use it in the biomedicine subject because of its superior physical and chemical properties and excellent biocompatibility.
2013年S1期 v.33 42页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 19K] [下载次数：30 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：1 ] |[阅读次数：110 ] - LI Dou;SONG Liyan;
China has accumulated massive fine grained copper mine tailings stocks because of the past mining activities in this area. The tailings contain a variety of heavy metals, and the mass percent of Cu, which is one of the main contaminants in tailings, is up to 0.2601% (analysis by XRF). The Cu can pollute soil and groundwater by rain leaching in the form of Cu(Ⅱ), furthermore ,the fine grained copper-ore-tailings can contaminant larger area by wind for its small granularity ( < 74 μm). The main cause of weathering of mine tailings is due to oxidative dissolution of sulfides. Microorganisms, such as Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, play an important role in weathering. These bacteria attach to exposed to mineral surfaces by excreting extracellular polymers and oxidize the sulfide mineral. Some of these bacteria also oxidize Fe2+ to Fe3+ which can chemically oxidize sulfide minerals. These reactions produce voluminous quantities of acid mine drainage and heavy metals which are harmful to the environment and human healthy. This study aims at finding the weathering effects of A. ferrooxidans to Cu(II) pollution of fine grained copper mine tailings, and our experiment applied indigenous A. ferrooxidans FJ-01 to leach the tailings. The optimum test parameters were obtained using shaking flask experiment and SEM observation under the following experimental conditions: 39 days residence time, pulp density 1%-15% (1%, 5% and 15%), 30℃, 120 rpm, pH between 1-3 and redox potential between 400-650 mV. The test results show that the leaching rate of Cu reached 43.1% when the pulp density was 1% after 33 days and kept invariant till the end of the test. In addition, the leaching rate of Cu will decrease as the increase of pulp density, and the maximum rate of 15% pulp density was only 12.5%. From the SEM, it can be seen that the fine grain of tailings flocculated to conglobation under the action of bacterial leaching.
2013年S1期 v.33 43页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 85K] [下载次数：43 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：64 ] - LI Guowu;XIONG Ming;HU Meinan;
The pyrochlore supergroup natural minerals are the oxides for formula A2-xB2O7. In this formula, A typically is Ca, Na, TR, Ba, Fe and Mn cation. B is Ta, Ti, Nb, W, Sb. The pyrochlore supergroup is divided into five groups basis of the atomic proportions of the B-site atoms Nb, Ta, Sb, Ti, and W. They are pyrochlore, microlite, roméite, betafite, and elsmoreite, respectively. Some of these minerals containing rare-earth elements species or synthetic oxides have important applications in materials, as for optical materials, light catalyst materials, magnetoelectric materials and radioactive waste treatment etc.
2013年S1期 v.33 44页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 82K] [下载次数：34 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：98 ] - LI Juan;LU Jianjun;LU Xiancai;WANG Rucheng;
Sulfide oxidation by microbial activities play an important role in the release of heavy metals. An important source of contamination and formation of AMD is the heavy metals convey to soil, rivulet and groundwater. Pyrite is a commonly sulfide minerals in mine wastes, so it is vitally to prove up the microbial oxidation process.
2013年S1期 v.33 45页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 23K] [下载次数：36 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：1 ] |[阅读次数：61 ] - LI Junlong;XIE Peng;YAN Fangfang;QIU Qing;FENG Qiming;
After the sewage treatment, putting the wet sludge in which the heavy metal content is extremely low, corrupt and broken straw, bentonite, urea in proportioning according to the certain ratio, mixing well-distributed, taking the shape of Nitrogen slow-release fertilizers, doing the dynamic bioleaching test by the method of Artificial rainfall simulation, researching the slow-release characteristic, water retention. When the mass ratio of the wet sludge whose water content is 82.5%: bentonite: corrupt and broken straw: urea is 62.5: 12.5: 12.5: 12.5, drip washing the 10g Nitrogen slow-release fertilizers by the 80ml distilled water after 48h, the residue rate of urea is 29.63%; Under the room temperature of 25 ℃, 77%RH, moisture evaporate 46.32% after 60 h. The results demonstrate that the slow-release fertilizer has a good release-effect of nitrogen and water conservation effect. It provides the basic for the development and application of the sewage in the aspect of Nitrogen slow-release fertilizers.
2013年S1期 v.33 46页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 37K] [下载次数：29 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：66 ] - LI Ying;DU Jianguo;XIE Chao;ZHOU Zhihua;
Garnet is an essential phase in a wide range of metamorphic grades. Ratios of Fe and Mg concentrations in garnet have been widely used as a geothermometer for the crystallization, cooling rate and tectonic uplift rate because garnets in natural rocks always show a variety of Fe-Mg compositional partition. Normally, Fe-Mg concentrations of natural garnets vary widely and the Fe-Mg exchange reactions usually occur in a complex chemical system. Effect of pressure and temperature on Fe-Mg compositions of garnet in natural pelitic system was studied experimentally at temperatures of 700 to 780 ℃ and pressures from 21 to 29.4 kbar. The concentrations of FeO and MgO of garnet in the run products showed a linear relation with experimental temperatures. The result provided experimental evidence of Fe-Mg partition trend with temperature in a complex natural rock and therefore improved our understanding in the determinations of metamorphic temperature calculated by garnet geothermometer. Although the accurate geological application of our results requires the knowledge of the effects of other components upon [D(Mg)] and [D(Fe)] which is largely unknown currently, the data provided in this study are useful to build the relation between FeO-MgO contents and temperature, which is useful in the metamorphic temperatures determine of rocks with pelitic composition.
2013年S1期 v.33 47页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 38K] [下载次数：31 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：76 ] - LIAN Bin;HAN Jinxin;
The purpose of this research is to study how the bacteria Pseudomonas putida (DCB13) utilises calcium ions in a culture medium with carbon dioxide (CO2) to yield calcium carbonate (CaCO3). The bacteria strain P. putida is a dominant strain isolated from the dolomitic surfaces in areas of Karst topographies, Guizhou Province. The experimental method was as follows: a modified beef extract-peptone medium (beef extract 3.0 g, peptone 10 g, NaCl 5.0 g, CaCl2 2.0 g, glass powder 2.0 g, distilled water 1 L and a pH between 6.5 and 7.5) was inoculated with P. putida in order to attempt to induce the synthesis of CaCO3. The sample was then processed by centrifugation every 24 hours during the 7-day cultivation period. The pH, carbonic anhydrase (CA) activity, and the concentrations of both HCO3- and Ca2+ of the supernatant fluid were measured. Subsequently, precipitation in the culture medium was analyzed to confirm, or otherwise, the presence and if present, the formation of CaCO3. Methods used included X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS). Results showed that P. putida can improve its pH value in this culture medium; concentrations of HCO3- and Ca2+ showed a significant decline over the duration of the cultivation period. CA activity reached its maximum during the second day; XRD, SEM and TEM all revealed the presence of CaCO3 as a precipitate. Additionally, these results did not occur in an aseptic control group: no detectable level of CaCO3 was yielded therein. In conclusion: P. putida can metabolise active materials such as secretase by its own growth and metabolism, and can either utilise atmospheric CO2, or respire, to induce CaCO3 production.
2013年S1期 v.33 48页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 23K] [下载次数：33 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：85 ] - LIAN Fang;ZHANG Zuoshun;MA Laijun;Bater Sayin;LIAO Hongqiang;
Steel slag, a by-product of the steel production industry reaches 10%–15% of crude steel output (Motz and Geiseler, 2001). Their main application lies in the field of building materials due to some containing cementitious components, such as dicalcium silicate (C2S) and tricalcium silicate (C3S) (Waligora et al., 2010). However, blended cements with steelmaking slag show low early hydration activity, low compressive strength and bad durability because steel slag generates above 1600 ℃ with the tense and large grain size crystals, consisting of low content of C2S and C3S and high proportions of f-CaO and f-MgO compared with cement clinker.
2013年S1期 v.33 49页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 41K] [下载次数：58 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：68 ] - LIANG Dongyun;LI Bo;ZHANG Lili;
China produces much tungsten metal every year. The tungsten deposits in China usually are low-grade and have complex mineralogy composition as well as many associated valuable elements. The associated elements include Sn, Mo, Bi, Cu, Pb, Zn, Sb, Be, Co, Au, Ag, Nb, Ta, Re, Sc, REE, Li, As, S, P and the nonmetallic minerals such as quartz, fluorite, feldspar, etc. Therefore, only the tungsten ore dressing is done in accordance with the ore properties based on the detailed and full process mineralogy study can the valuable elements be reasonably and fully recovered and the maximization of resource utilization as well as environment-friendly is achieved eventually. This paper summarizes the status quo of process mineralogy of tungsten and its associated elements in China, focuses on the process mineralogy studies on major tungsten ore types including tungsten-molybdenum associated ore, tungsten-tin polymetallic ore and tungsten-copper polymetallic ore, suggests the future process mineralogy research on tungsten and its associated elements.
2013年S1期 v.33 50页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 19K] [下载次数：64 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：1 ] |[阅读次数：100 ] - LIANG Xiaoliang;ZHONG Yuanhong;HE Zisen;TAN Wei;HE Hongping;YUAN Peng;ZHU Jianxi;
In nature, iron cations in magnetite are usually isomorphically substituted by divalent (Co, Ni, Zn, Cu, Mn, etc.), trivalent (Al, V, Cr, etc.) and tetravalent (Ti) cations while maintaining the spinel structure. Some of the substituting cations, e.g. Cr3+, V3+ and Mn2+, improve the catalytic activity of magnetite in heterogeneous Fenton reaction through the enhancement of hydroxyl radical OH production and the pollutant adsorption.
2013年S1期 v.33 51页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 23K] [下载次数：31 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：84 ] - LIAO Libing;WANG Mingjun;DU Gaoxiang;GONG Zhijin;L Guocheng;
Bentonites consisting mainly of montmorillonite are widely utilized in various applications. However, natural bentonites contain many kinds of impurities such as quartz, cristobalite, feldspar, zeolite, calcite etc., which can decrease the performance of bentonite. Furthermore, quartz and cristobalite are carcinogenic. Therefore purification of bentonite is critical to its applications. Among the impurities in bentonite, cristobalite is the most difficult one to get rid of because of its tiny particle size and aggregation state.
2013年S1期 v.33 52页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 48K] [下载次数：21 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：69 ] - LIN Shunjia;SUN Hongjuan;PENGTongjiang;
The novel high-performance nanocomposites of polyaniline (PANI) and graphene oxide sheets (GOs) was synthesized via in situ polymerization in the presence of Hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium Bromide intercalated graphite oxide (CGO), basing on PANI and GOs as a matrix respectively. The result showed that ANI monomer was intercalated into the spacing of CGO, and the CGO was well exfoliated into nanosheets while polymerization. Owing to π–π electron stacking effect between the PANI and the GOs, the electrical conductivity of GOs/PANI nanocomposites (0.47 S/cm), which basing on PANI as a matrix, improved in comparison with pure PANI nanowires (0.02 S/cm) and GO (2.5×10-5 S/cm), while the electrical conductivity of PANI/GOs nanocomposites, which basing on GOs as a matrix, was only 6.2×10-3 S/cm. And it also indicated that the mole ratio of APS, the concentration of HCl, other with the polymerization time, are also important influencing factors of the conductivity of nanocomposites.
2013年S1期 v.33 53页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 46K] [下载次数：61 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：76 ] - LIU Dong;YUAN Peng;LIU Hongmei;TAN Daoyong;YUAN Weiwei;ZHOU Xiang;HE Hongping;
Shale gas, which is derived from organic matters in shale and stored in shale deposits, is an important unconventional gas resource and attracts attention due to its significant requirement in the hydrocarbon production. Methane (CH4) is the dominant component of shale gas, and adsorbed gas is an important reservoir form. Many studies have investigated the adsorption capacities and adsorption mechanisms of CH4 in shale. Organic matters and clay minerals have been proposed to be the two major components for CH4 adsorption. Adsorption of CH4 in organic matters, such as the adsorption capacity and effects of characteristics of the organic matters, has been well investigated. However, studies on CH4 adsorption on clay minerals have mainly focused on evaluating the adsorption capacity, and very little information about the adsorption mechanism has been provided. For example, the adsorption sites and factors influencing CH4 adsorption on clay minerals remain unclear. Three main reasons account for this: (1) the co-existence of organic matters in samples affects the evaluation of CH4 adsorption on clay minerals; (2) the pressures used during adsorption are not representative of actual reservoir pressures; and (3) the clay minerals selected have low swelling capacity and a smaller interlayer distances than a CH4 size, resulting in the misunderstanding of the CH4 adsorption sites.
2013年S1期 v.33 54页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 23K] [下载次数：87 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：123 ] - LIU Dong;YUAN Weiwei;YUAN Peng;YU Wenbin;TAN Daoyong;LIU Hongmei;HE Hongping;
Porous carbons are extensively applied in gas separation, water purification, catalytic reaction, and electrochemical processing, attributing to their high specific surface area, large pore volume, chemical inertness, and good mechanical and thermal stability. The templating method is widely used to synthesize porous carbons with the controlled pore structure. Among them, preparation of diatomite-templated carbons attracts increasing attention because the obtained carbon has unique developed macropores and exhibits the promising application in adsorption and support of large-sized molecules. Macroporous diatomite-templated carbons are prepared by using additive or inherent solid acid sites of diatomite as the catalyst. The obtained carbons showed tubular and pillared macroporous structures, and had a few mesopores and micropores. However, the carbons possessed the small specific surface area and micropore volume, and thus showed the low adsorption capacity of small-sized molecules, such as methylene blue (MB). In this case, enhancement of porosity, especially microporosity, is necessary.
2013年S1期 v.33 55页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 22K] [下载次数：32 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：2 ] |[阅读次数：110 ] - LIU Hongmei;YUAN Peng;LIU Dong;ZHOU Xiang;HE Hongping;ZHU Jianxi;
The interlayer clay-organic complex is an important clay-organic association in sedimentary environments. The interlayer region of clay minerals not only provides storage space for organic matter, but also possesses solid acid sites; and these acid sites were proposed to be involved with the transformation of organic matter into liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons. However, the effect of the organic matter storage in the interlayer space of clay minerals on the hydrocarbons generation has not been made clear. In this study, the interlayer complex of 12-aminolauric acid (ALA) and Na+-montmorillonite (Na+-Mt), labeled as ALAinter-Mt (Na), was synthesized to investigate the role of the interlayer space of montmorillonite in hydrocarbon generation. Simply mixed ALA-Mt complex [ALA-Mt (Na)] was also prepared for comparison. The pyrolysis of ALA and ALA-Mt complexes was studied using thermogravimetry coupled with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (TG-FTIR) and a high temperature-pressure system (a confined gold capsule-autoclave system).
2013年S1期 v.33 56页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 41K] [下载次数：42 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：123 ] - LIU Huan;LU Xiancai;
Weathering of manganese-bearing carbonate could form chalcophanite. In this paper, the occurrence of Fe (hydro) oxides and Mn-bearing minerals in Qixiashan were identified by XRD and SEM, mainly consisted of goethite, hematite, pyrolusite and chalcophanite. From the microscope investigation, stromatolite-like structure phenomenon is widespread existed, which may be caused by microbial activities. To identify the mineral structure in the Fe-Mn crust, Raman and XPS were used to identify the mineral structure and valence of Fe, Mn and Zn. This work could help us to know the relationship of Fe and Mn during the weathering of manganese-bearing carbonate. And the enrichment of Mn and Zn from the supergene environment could provide a path for the contamination of heavy metals.
2013年S1期 v.33 57页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 19K] [下载次数：30 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：91 ] - LIU Jia;HUANG Fei;LI Guanglu;MENG Lin;YU Haoran;CHEN Yinghua;WANG Weifeng;GAO Shang;GAO Wenyuan;
A. Ennaoui proposed that FeS2 owns an appropriate band gap (0.95 eV) and large absorption coefficient, it can be used for solar materials. People had studied the light absorption characteristics of the FeS2 prepared by different methods, and believed that crystal grain size, defect density and crystalline quality are important factors that affect the light absorption properties. In order to take a depth study of the absorption properties, the research group has taken a study on light absorption characteristics of natural pyrite, the existence of Co, Ni impurities results in lower band gap and conversion efficiency.
2013年S1期 v.33 58页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 81K] [下载次数：37 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：111 ] - LIU Juan;LIU Jing;GAO Dezheng;HUANG Xi;
Tooeleite Fe6(AsO3)4SO4(OH)4·4H2O is a ferric arsenite sulfate mineral only found in acid mine drainage at present, which has environmental significance for arsenic remediation because of its high stability in the regolith. The authors synthesized tooleite using temperature-constant water batch reactor, and for the first time studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared (IR) and Raman spectroscopy. The XRD result indicates tooeleite can form more crystalline solids in an acid environment than in an alkaline environment; the characteristic peak at FTIR of 770 cm-1is attributed to stretch vibration of As-O; the characteristic peaks at Raman of 663, 609, 512, 455 and 365 cm-1are attributed to the stretch vibration of As-OH (ν3), asymmetric stretch vibration (ν5), asymmetric bending vibration (ν4) of AsO33- and bending vibration of O-As-O; the incongruent dissolution occurs when PH of solution is higher than 3. Low Ph environmental benefits for formation of more high crystalline tooeleite. The batch experiment determined for the first time the solubility product (Ksp) and the standard Gibbs free energy of the reaction, which are 107.7 and-3605 kJ/mol, respectively.
2013年S1期 v.33 59页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 46K] [下载次数：78 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：60 ] - LIU Mingxue;DONG Fa-qin;SUN Shiyong;YI Wei;XIONG Xing;GUO Yuting;LIU Yuanyuan;HUANG Ting;GOU Qingbi;
Although scientific and policy bodies have stated that nanomaterials are not intrinsically toxic, there is interest in evaluating if and how many engineered nanomaterials may do harm to the health of mankind and the ecological environment. The interaction between nano-TiO2 and bovine serum albumin (BSA) was studied by using TDFS and UV methods in this research.
2013年S1期 v.33 60页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 48K] [下载次数：50 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：1 ] |[阅读次数：92 ] - Liudmila Azarnova;
Bolshetagninskoe deposit is one of the most important Russia niobium potential sources. It is confined to carbonatite complex of the same name that is situated in the Sayan Mountains, Eastern Siberia. In the result of VIMS exploration niobium ores reserves have been applied by Russian State Reserve Committee in 2012 year. Ores contain about 1% Nb2O5 and are unique in that the economic pyrochlore mineralization is concentrated in alkaline metasomatic rocks but not in carbonatites[1]. During exploration 47 borehole samples and 6 bulk samples were collected and studied by process mineralogy techniques (optic mineralogical analyze, optic image analyzer system, XRD, EPMA). 26 borehole samples and 2 bulk samples were tested by rougher floatation to define geometallurgical items and to understand the ore’s behavior. Four volumetric samples have been tested by commissioned flowsheet (radiometric separation → impact milling → selective floatation → pyrochlore leaching → ferroniobium). There are three ore types in the Bolshetagninskoe deposit: microcline-pyrochlore (MP), biotite-columbite-pyrochlore (BCP) and carbonate-pyrochlore (CP). MP type is the most important one. MP ore consists of microcline (59wt%–70wt%) with minor carbonates, apatite, sulfides, goethite. Pyrochlore, the essential Nb mineral (94% of ore Nb content), occurs as fine grains (weighted average grain size is 57 μn). Since pyrochlore grains are fine and friable, the ore preparation size and method is a main problem of its treatment. While primary ore processing is effective to remove about 30% waste material it is important to evaluate its influence on floatation feed grade.
2013年S1期 v.33 61页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 51K] [下载次数：33 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：63 ] - LU Anhuai;LI Yan;WANG Changqiu;
The Earth surface is a multiple open system. Semiconducting minerals, including most metal oxides and sulfides, absorb visible light of the solar spectrum. Microorganisms evolve varied pathways to get carbon and energy sources. It is obvious that the interaction among solar light, semiconducting minerals, photoelectron/photohole, organics, inorganics, valence electrons and microorganisms occurs continuously on our planet. In a recent study, Lu et al. (2012) presented evidence demonstrating solar energy mediated by semiconducting mineral photocatalysis, acting as energy source, promoted the growth of some non-photosynthetic bacteria and revealed that the ternary system of microorganisms, minerals and solar light has played a critical role in the history of life on our planet. In simulated system, under simulated solar light semiconducting minerals, such as metal oxides and metal sulfides, generates photoelectrons which could be used by non-phototrophic microorganisms to support their metabolisms. The growth of microorganism was closely related to photon quantity and energy, and the microorganism growth and mineral light absorption spectra were fitted well under different light wavelengths. The overall energy efficiency from photon to biomass was 0.13‰ to 1.9‰. Further studies revealed that in natural soil systems, semiconducting mineral photocatalysis could influence the microbial population. Solar energy utilization pathway by nonphototrophic microorganisms mediated by semiconducting mineral photocatalysis provides a new concept to evaluate the origin and evolution of life. Semiconducting minerals are ubiquitous on Earth’s surface and widely participate in redox reactions following photoelectron-photohole pairs excited by solar light. As photoholes can be easily scavenged by environmental reductive substances and microorganisms possess multiple strategies to utilize extracellular electrons, the highly reductive photoelectrons serve as potential energy source for microbial life. The discovery of this pathway extends our knowledge on the use of solar energy by nonphototrophic microorganisms, and provides important clues to evaluate life on the early Earth. Microorganisms, minerals and solar light constitute a complex but important ternary system through Earth history. The discovery of the novel energy conversion pathway in this system demonstrates how nonphototrophic microorganisms directly or indirectly utilized photoelectrons as the solar energy source. The fully comprehending of nonphototrophic bacteria solar energy utilization conducted by semiconducting minerals in present environment will greatly help us to better understand the energy transform mechanism among interfaces of lithosphere, pedosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere.
2013年S1期 v.33 62页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 21K] [下载次数：45 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：76 ] - L Linsu;ZHANG Yong;LI Hongbo;LU Taijin;MAO Bing;CHEN Hua;
Tsavorite green colored by Cr3+/V3+ has been traditionally found and mined in Tanzania, Kenya and Madagascar in the Neoproterozoic Mozambique metamorphic belt (NMMB), and recently be found in Sanjiang, Litang, Sichuan, China. The differences of the chemical formula, spectroscopic features, as well as the concentrations of the V2O3 and Cr2O3 in the tsavorite crystals collected from major international deposits and Sanjiang, China have been investigated using EPMA, XRF, UV-VIS spectrometers, FTIR, Raman scattering microscopy, DiamondView TM techniques. It was found that the chemical formulas of African tsavorite and Chinese tsavorite are Ca3(Al,V)2[SiO4]3 and Ca3(Al,Cr)2[SiO4]3, respectively, indicating that tsavorite is a solid solution between dominant grossular and minor goldmanite and uvarovite. Two broad bands centered at 430 nm and 605 nm were the main absorption features in the tsavorite samples, which attribute to the absorption of Cr3+ and/or V3+ ions in the lattice. The green coloration is caused by Cr3+ and/or V3+ ions resulting in the absorption of purple and red components of the visible light. Absorptions caused of Fe3+ and Fe2+ ions could add the bluish color component in some of tsavorite samples. The intensity of green color is proportional to the concentrations of V2O3 and Cr2O3. The basic gemological properties, such as refractive index in the investigated samples were presented, and the definition and chemical and spectroscopic properties of tsavorite are discussed.
2013年S1期 v.33 63页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 21K] [下载次数：49 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：2 ] |[阅读次数：110 ] - LU Xiancai;LU Jianjun;WANG Rucheng;WANG Hongmei;LI Juan;ZHU Tingting;OUYANG Bingjie;
Mining activities have created great wealth, but they have also discharged large quantities of tailings. As an important source of heavy metal contamination, sulfide tailings are usually disposed of in open-air impoundments and thus are exposed to microbial oxidation. Microbial activities greatly enhance sulfide oxidation and result in the release of heavy metals and the precipitation of iron (oxy) hydroxides and sulfates. These secondary minerals in turn influence the mobility of dissolved metals and play important roles in the natural attenuation of heavy metals. Elucidating the microbe–mineral interactions in tailings will improve our understanding of the environmental consequence of mining activities.
2013年S1期 v.33 64页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 22K] [下载次数：36 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：81 ] - LUO Li-ming;PENG Tong-jiang;SUN Hong-juan;
The TiO2/vermiculite composites were prepared by in-situ hydrolyzing reaction and in-situ dehydrating reaction of tetrabutyl titanate-hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide intercalated vermiculite. The structural phase transition of TiO2 in TiO2/vermiculite composites calcined at different temperatures was characterized by using XRD and Raman. The results show that at calcination temperature of 800℃ appeared the anatase phase of TiO2 in TiO2/vermiculite nanocomposites, while pure TiO2 is all converted to rutile at the same temperature. The average crystal size of TiO2 in TiO2/vermiculite nanocomposites and pure TiO2 both increase with the calcination temperature. The average grain size of TiO2 in TiO2/vermiculite nanocomposites is less than that of pure TiO2 at the same calcination temperature. The results also show that the silicon-oxygen structure in layered vermiculite structure can effectively depress the phase transformation from anatase to rutile, thus enhancing the transition temperature and inhibitting the growth of anatase crystals.
2013年S1期 v.33 65页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 37K] [下载次数：51 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：68 ] - MA Xi;MA Hongwen;YANG Jing;
The boron mud is solid waste from a borax factory in Liaoning province, China. The main chemical compositions of the boron mud powder are MgO 43.36%, SiO2 25.99%, Fe2O3 5.55% (shown in Table 1), and its mineral phases are mainly forsterite, magnesite and phlogopite.
2013年S1期 v.33 66页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 97K] [下载次数：38 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：66 ] - MENG Fanlu;WANG Changqiu;LI Yan;LU Anhuai;MEI Fang;LIU Jianying;
Mineralization in tumours is a complex dynamic process regulated by cancerization process, organic matter, mineral crystal growth mechanism, external environment, human body environment and other aspects. Differences between mineral crystals may imply different cancerization process and tumorous types. Therefore, the study on mineralization progress in human tumours can help to provide some important information on the occurrence and development of the diseases.
2013年S1期 v.33 67页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 58K] [下载次数：28 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：100 ] - Nadur.Angela V.;Gütller.Rainer A.S.;Carmo.Sheila S.;Kahn.H.;
The gemstone cutting is a useful process to create shapes on rocks and minerals. This is done through the steps sawing, grinding, faceting and polishing, thus providing better light reflection in the pavilion with specific angles for each translucent mineral; brightness on the surface, aesthetic appreciation and their use in the jewellery industry.
2013年S1期 v.33 68页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 20K] [下载次数：35 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：66 ] - Olga Kotova;Galina Gasaleeva;Aleksandr Vakhrushev;
The complex of mineralogical methods was developed to obtain reliable data about mineral composition of bauxites and new crystal-chemical information (the whole cycle of used chemical elements, methods of residue utilization, position of residue tails in dump pits). Natural and technogenic structures were studied as sources of necessary chemical elements and useful properties.
2013年S1期 v.33 70页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 48K] [下载次数：28 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：67 ] - Orhan Yavuz;Emin ifti;H.Haluk Selim;
Limestones have been one of the major economic sources in state’s economy and becoming more and more important in recent years. They are mainly exploited for crushed stone, dimension stone and micronized calcite production including lab-grade CaO with high purity. Although some of the applications require fairly simple value-adding processes such as crushing and/or sizing, some may require rather complicated processes such as calcination and coating.
2013年S1期 v.33 71页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 22K] [下载次数：20 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：124 ] - Paola F.Barbosa;Leonardo Lagoeiro;Ricardo Scholz;Leonardo M.Graa;
The iron-oxide system can be used as a marker of oxidized and reduced conditions in closed systems. However, natural rocks with iron-oxide minerals also exhibit such reactions, although the natural system is typically open. To understand the behaviour of this natural system, they were investigated the similarities, in terms of crystallographic textures, between the microstructures of two systems: natural open system and synthetic closed system of iron-oxide phase transformation.
2013年S1期 v.33 72页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 20K] [下载次数：32 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：119 ] - PENG Tongjiang;CAO Chao;SUN Hongjuan;
The glass-ceramics was prepared from coal fly ash, limestone and Na2CO3 by sintering processes. Effects of the crystallization temperature (850–1100 ℃) on crystallization behavior, microstructure, sintering character and chemical stability of the glass-ceramics samples were analyzed by means of DTA, XRD, SEM and other analytical methods. The results show that the main crystalline phase of as-prepared glass-ceramics after crystallization treatment is gehlenite (Ca2Al2SiO7). The species of crystalline phases keep the same, however, the main crystalline intensity, line shrinkage rate and bulk density increase first then decrease with the increasing of heat treatment temperature. Water absorption of the samples was reduced as the heat treatment temperature rising. The glass-ceramics display high performance crystallization properties and chemical stability. The optimized glass-ceramics with desired sintering character and chemical stability was obtained by crystallized at 1050 ℃.
2013年S1期 v.33 73页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 37K] [下载次数：50 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：105 ] - PENG Tongjiang;L Xia;SUN Hongjuan;
The hydrated-titanium-oxide/montmorillonite composite samples were prepared using a hydrolysation- intercalation composite method by controlling the amount of TiOSO4·2H2O. The TiO2/montmorillonite composite samples were got after calculated at 700℃ and 1100 ℃. The results show that: when the value of Ti/montmorillonite is 12.5 mmol/g, the c axis of hydrated-titanium-oxide/ montmorillonite composite sample began to disorder, moreover, the crystal size of anatase is just 13.4nm in the TiO2/montmorillonite composite sample calculated at 700 ℃, and after calculated at 1100 ℃, the crystal size of anatase is 55.8 nm, and the relative content of anatase reaches the highest (55.7%). Compared with pure TiO2 nano-particle sample, TiO2/montmorillonite composite sample has a higher phase transition temperature from anatase phase to rutile phase and smaller crystal size of TiO2. Montmorillonite structure layer has a significant blocking effect on TiO2 phase transformation and grain growth, and the blocking effect reaches saturation when the value of Ti/montmorillonite is 12.5 mmol/g.
2013年S1期 v.33 74页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 39K] [下载次数：29 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：41 ] - QIAN Gongming;LI Maolin;ZHOU Zhenxu;WANG Fei;
In this study, the adsorption kinetics, equilibrium and thermodynamics of Fe3+ ions on natural (NAP) and synthetic (HAP) apaties were examined. The adsorption efficiency of Fe3+ onto the NAP and HAP was increased with increasing temperature. The kinetics of adsorption of Fe3+ ions was discussed using three kinetic models, the pseudo-first-order, the pseudo-second-order and the intra-particle diffusion model. The experimental data fitted very well the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The initial sorption rate and the activation energy were also calculated. The activation energy of the sorption was calculated as 37.15 and 49.84 kJ·mol 1 for NAP and HAP, respectively. Experimental results were also analysed by the Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin–Redushkevich (D–R) isotherm equations at different temperatures. RL separation factor for Langmuir and the n value for Freundlich isotherm show that Fe3+ ions are favorably adsorbed by NAP and HAP. Various thermodynamic parameters such as enthalpy (ΔH), Gibbs free energy (ΔG) and entropy (ΔS) changes were computed and the results showed that the adsorption of Fe3+ ions onto NAP and HAP were spontaneous and endothermic in nature.
2013年S1期 v.33 75页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 48K] [下载次数：32 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：72 ] - QIN Lang;CHUAN Xiu-yun;
The mineralogical features of the oxidation-reduction of graphite deposit in pingdu, Shandong province were studied by field search, polarization microscope, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and SEM. The results show that, the major rocks of the reduction graphite zone are graphite-quartz anorthosite, gabbro. The major rocks of the oxidation graphite zone are marble with graphite, biotite granite, monzogranite. The main minerals of the reduction zone are plagioclase, pyroxene, quartz, pyrite. The graphite is aphanitic graphite appearing as dense massive, layered, spherical aggregates. The main minerals of the oxidation zone are calcite, quartz, K-feldspar, biotite, amphibole, chlorite. The graphite is flake graphite uniformly dispersed in the loose, and strongly erosion rocks. A large number of rocks in the area have been suffered chloritization, regional metamorphism, indicating that the formation of the graphite deposit should be related with gabbro melting. The carbon source in the lower part was taken into the mine, and then experienced regional metamorphism.
2013年S1期 v.33 76页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 19K] [下载次数：57 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：74 ] - S H Lau;Arno Merkle;Susan Candell;Sylvia Yun;Allen Gu;Wenbing Yun;
Conventional electron and optical microscopy techniques require the sample to be sectioned, polished or etched to expose the internal surfaces for imaging. However, such sample preparation techniques have traditionally prevented the observation of the same sample over time, under realistic three-dimensional geometries and in an environment representative of real-world operating conditions. X-ray microscopy (XRM) is a rapidly emerging technique that enables non-destructive evaluation of buried structures within hard to soft materials in 3D, requiring little to no sample preparation. Furthermore in situ and 4D quantification of microstructural evolution under controlled environment as a function of time, temperature, chemistry or stress can be done repeatable on the same sample, using practical specimen sizes ranging from tens of microns to several cm diameter, with achievable imaging resolution from submicron to 50 nm. Many of these studies were reported using XRM in synchrotron beamlines. These include crack propagation on composite and construction materials; corrosion studies; microstructural changes during the setting of cement; flow studies within porous media to mention but a few.
2013年S1期 v.33 77页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 22K] [下载次数：39 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：130 ] - S H Lau;Susan Candell;Sylvia Yun;Allen Gu;YUN Wenbing;
We describe a novel lab based X-ray computed tomography system based on the architecture of X-ray Microscopes (XRM) used in synchrotron radiation facilities to be adapted for mineral processing and mineral liberation analysis. As this is a tomographic technique performed with an XRM, it is non-destructive and does not require complex preparation of polished sections typical of SEM-EDS techniques (such as MLA and QEMSCAN). It complements these existing techniques by providing 3D information and mineral liberation of multi-phase particles with much larger sample volume statistics but at a fraction of the time. In several applications, the technique is superior. These include the characterization of tailing loss in precious minerals; the characterization of porosity, particle size distribution, crack and pore network analysis during comminution, heap leaching and for texture and exposure/lock class analysis for floatation.
2013年S1期 v.33 78页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 23K] [下载次数：79 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：86 ] - Senel zdamar;Emin ifti;Bektas Uz;Fahri Esenli;Sezai K1r1koglu;
The G ksun Ophiolites in Do an ehir area (Malatya-Southern Turkey) contain corundum mineralizations with significant gem-quality (ruby). Modal mineralogical composition of ruby-bearing rocks consists of hornblende (65%-70 %), plagioclase (20%-25%), green garnet (4%-5 %), ruby (2%-3%), and opaque minerals (<1%). Although ruby shows varying colors in the groundmass, it is generally colorless and rarely very pale pink and has high relief. It has no cleavage but rotund fractures. It has highest interference colors and twinning in some poly-prismatic crystals under the microscope. Crystal sizes range from 2x10 mm up to 30x50 mm. The most remarkable properties are red to pink in color, low to medium transparency, medium to big crystal sizes, lamellar and deformation twinning, secondary liquid feathers, hollow tubes, mineral inclusions, asterism, high birefringence and refractive indices and specific gravity. Rubies show crimson red cathodoluminescence colors activated by Cr3+ in the crystal structure, which is confirmed by the Electron Probe Microanalyses (EPMA). Tectonic setting, geological environment, petrographical, mineralogical, geochemical and gemological characteristics of rubies suggest that the Do an ehir ruby mineralization can be classified into the amphibolite-hosted type of corundum deposits of Tanzania.
2013年S1期 v.33 79页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 47K] [下载次数：50 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：69 ] - SHEN Junfeng;YANG Weimin;LIU Ting;HUANG Xiao;ZHENG Weijie;YU Lei;WANG Guoqiang;
A great deal of important information referring to fault motion (such as fault activities period, intensity, frequency, and even dynamic background, etc.) can be revealed by resolving fault gouge, which are the special result of fault motion while extruding or grinding. Based on the field investigation, collected from Bailongjiang fault system of Western Qinling Orogenic (QO) Belt, 44 samples of fault gouge were for quartz micro-morphology observation and statistics by the field emission SEM, and 14 samples were tested by thermo-luminescence dating. The results showed that most of the micro-morphology of quartz grains are fish scale and orange-haut fractures, but a small amount of moss-like, stalactitic, and subconchoidal fractures. Also very few decay of quartz grains and typical conchoids fracture quartz grains can be seen. This implied that the Bailongjiang fault system was motioned repeatedly in Quaternary period but main motion period was Pleistocene. 14 thermo-luminescence dating values showed herewith two groups as 343.29-184.06 ka and 92.18-13.87 ka. Therefore, the conclusions can be reached that the fault system were motioned starting at Pliocene epoch, frequently in the middle of Pleistocene (343.29-184.06 ka), and peak frequency in late Pleistocene (92.18-13.87 ka). The fault system motions have stopped at Holocene. The results are significant for the natural disaster risk evaluation in western QO region.
2013年S1期 v.33 80页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 20K] [下载次数：41 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：75 ] - SHIH Kaimin;TANG Yuanyuan;LU Xingwen;LIAO Changzhong;
A sustainable waste management system requires the beneficial uses of waste residues, such as sludge and incineration ashes, generated from environmental treatments. Among the use strategies, the practices of mixing hazardous metal-bearing solids with clay materials to produce ceramic products are often found with significant improvement in reducing the metal leach ability from products. However, relatively much fewer studies have clearly answered the questions of "What are the metal stabilization mechanisms other than simply the dilution effect and the encapsulation of metals?"; "What are the mineral phases of metals and how much are they in the products?"; and "How thermal conditions can effetely promote the transformations of metal-hosting mineral phases?". As many sustainability movements have increasingly promoted the adoption of those products generated from the beneficial use of waste materials, quantitative understandings of the metal incorporation efficiencies are important to facilitate the design of safe and reliable waste-to-resource strategies. Current findings on the metal incorporation mechanisms between common alumino silicates and hazardous metals (nickel, copper, and zinc) under different thermal conditions will be presented, and the results show the important role of forming aluminates and ferrites to significantly reduce the metal leach ability from the products. In the study, the technique of quantitative X-ray diffraction (QXRD) was applied to report the metal incorporation efficiencies through a 3-hour sintering process, aiming to stabilize the hazardous metals and also to turn the waste residues for usable ceramic products. Prolonged leach tests for potential metal-containing phases were carried out in acidic environments to evaluate the durability of thermally treated products. Both aluminate and ferrite spinels proved superior for thermomobilization of hazardous metals. With the information reported, this study has identified the key mechanisms of stabilizing the hazardous metals when thermally treated with common ceramic raw materials, and also demonstrates the importance of quantitative understanding in the development of a safe waste-to-resource strategy.
2013年S1期 v.33 81页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 21K] [下载次数：61 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：65 ] - SONG Bei;LIU Chao;ZHENG Shuilin;WANG Tongtong;ZHAO Jian;
The research involves the calcination of Sichuanshimian asbestos tailings with ammonium sulfate in order to extract magnesium. This paper studies the effect of different calcination conditions on the magnesium extraction rate, and it also studies the mechanism of calcination of asbestos tailings mixed with ammonium sulfate. The results were characterized by XRD, TGA and elemental analysis. The results showed that as the temperature rises the magnesium extraction rate first increases and then decreases. Optimal experimental conditions are calcination temperature of 600℃, calcination time of 1.5 h, the amount of sodium added of 20%, under which condition a magnesium extraction rate of 85.16% can be achieved.
2013年S1期 v.33 82页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 37K] [下载次数：39 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：67 ] - SU Shuangqing;MA Hongwen;YANG Jing;CAI Biya;ZHANG Pan;
Agricultural potassium sulphate is one of the most important non-chloride potash, which is the main fertilizer of avoid chlorine crop. Soluble potassium resource is bare in China, while insoluble potassium resource with the main mineral of microcline is extremely abundant. The microcline powder used is collected from Mountain Changling, Luonan county of Shaanxi Province. The chemical analysis results showed that the main chemical components of the powder are SiO2, Al2O3 and K2O, the K2O content is up to 13.56% (shown in table 1).
2013年S1期 v.33 83页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 22K] [下载次数：43 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：82 ] - SU Sijin;DONG Faqin;LU Xirui;TANG Jingyou;WANG Xiaoli;
To research the structure radiation stability of simulated Gd2Zr2O7-pyrochlore glass-ceramic wasteforms Nd3+, Ce4+ were selected as the simulated nuclide of An3+ and An4+ radionuclides respectively. A series of compounds with the general formula Gd2-xNdxZr2-xCexO7 (0.0≤ x ≤2.0) were prepared by High-temperature sintering method at 1623 K for 48 h in air atmosphere. The heavy-ion irradiation experiments were done at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. The structure and microscopic morphology of Gd2-xNdxZr2-xCexO7 (0.0≤ x ≤2.0) glass-ceramic wasteforms before and after irradiation experiments were investigated by the X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy.
2013年S1期 v.33 84页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 48K] [下载次数：44 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：94 ] - Sulaiman Alaabed;
The northern section of the UAE is bordered by the Gulf of Oman’s northern extension (East Coast) and Arabian Gulf’s Eastern extension (northern West Coast). Unlike the rest, the coastline of this section is more or less faced by mountainous areas of various rock types. The beach sands a long this coastline at both sides (East and northern-West) signify some heavy minerals concentration of an important consideration.
2013年S1期 v.33 85页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 21K] [下载次数：17 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：88 ] - Sulaiman Alaabed;
The northern extension of the Semailophiolite in the UAE is dominated by tectonic mantle peridotites and gabbros. The peridotites are mostly harzburgites with little lherzolites, and contain various intermittentveins, dikes and pods. These veins, dikes and pods can be divided into three rock categories: the ultramafic group that includes dunites, chromitites and pyroxenites, the granitic dikes, and carbonate veins. Occurrences of these bodies are explicit and ubiquitous, but their distribution throughout the sequence is not consistent. Pyroxenites, chromitites, and granites occur in the upper half of the sequence, but are more pronounced and dominant close to the transition zone. Dunites pods and carbonate veins can be found at different stratigraphic levels.
2013年S1期 v.33 86页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 20K] [下载次数：21 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：75 ] - Sulaiman Alaabed;Abdel Monem M.Soltan;Osman Abdel-Ghani;Bahaa Eddin Mahmoud;Mohamed ElTokhi;Abbas Khalil;Abdullah Musalim;
The main aim of this work is to study the possibility of using different Emirati limestones for the production of quicklime. Representative limestone samples have been collected to represent the Triassic, Jurassic, Cretaceous, Eocene and Oligocene ages. The limestone samples have been characterized for their microstructure, mineral and chemical composition, physico-mechanical characteristics, thermal behavior using polarizing and scanning microscopes together with X-ray micro-tomography, XRD-IR, XRF, Archimedes and Mercury intrusion methods and DTA-TGA, respectively. Post characterization, the samples were fired in electrical muffle furnace for calcination under the firing conditions (800℃ to 1100℃) for (0.25 – 2 h). Then the lime grains have been characterized for their hydration rate, free lime content, pore-distribution and microfabric.
2013年S1期 v.33 87页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 39K] [下载次数：22 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：119 ] - SUN Hongjuan;PENG Tongjiang;ZENG Li;
The flake-like basic magnesium carbonate was prepared from the ammonium sulfate leaching liquid of asbestos tailings. The method of X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectra, TA-DTG and SEM analysis had been used to research the influence of the reaction temperature on the phase, structure and morphology of the product during the preparation of the basic magnesium carbonate. The results indicates that the product was needle-like magnesium carbonate hydrate at the lower reaction temperature (from 35 ℃ to 65℃), with the increase of the reaction temperature (75 ℃ to 95 ℃ ), the needle-like magnesium carbonate hydrate (MgCO3·xH2O) transformed to flake-like basic magnesium carbonate [Mg5(CO3)4(OH)2·4H2O], the reaction temperature plays an important role in the preparation of flake-like basic magnesium carbonate, the preparation of flake-like basic magnesium carbonate was a nucleation-dissolution-recrystallization growth mechanism process.
2013年S1期 v.33 88页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 38K] [下载次数：36 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：71 ] - SUN Shiyong;ZHOU Qing;YANG Bo;WEN Ke;DONG Faqin;
Xianfeng large-scale lignite mining area, symbiotic diatomaceous earth mining area is the second largest diatomaceous earth mining in China with high organic matter content. The Xianfeng diatomaceous earth mining is a difficult development and utilization of low-grade diatomaceous earth, which has not been effective utilized due to low economic value of traditional processes. The objectives of this paper are utilizing high organic matter content diatomite as waste resources and improving the comprehensive utilization ratio of mineral resources in Xianfeng coal mining areas. The high organic content diatomaceous earth was purified by the acid washing and then calcinations under N2 as a protective atmosphere and high temperature of 500 to 800 ℃. The organic matter was carbonized with the formation of amorphous complex of activated carbon and diatomaceous earth. The novel ternary composited diatomaceous earth was prepared by combining carbonation diatomaceous earth and magnetic nanomaterials. The absorption property of ternary composited diatomaceous earth was improved through the organosilane and polyacrylamide modification to meet the needs of practical application. Electron microscopy showed that magnetic precursor calcined under N2 as a protective atmosphere, the surface of the magnetic nanoparticles were coated with amorphous carbon, which improved chemical stability and compatibility with diatomaceous earth. The magnetic nanoparticles and amorphous activated carbon uniformly dispersed in a diatomaceous earth surface and within the pores, to form a stable magnetic nanoparticles - the amorphous active carbon - ternary complexes. The specific surface area and methylene blue adsorption test showed ternary composited diatomaceous earth performing much higher than conventional diatomite products, the novel diatomaceous earth with specific surface area of 55.79 m2/g, methylene blue adsorption capacity of 44.5 m2/g. MgFe2O4 and Co3O4-based superparamagnetic ternary composited diatomaceous earth as an unique adsorbent has great application potential in organic pollutants and heavy metals pollution treatment of water. In addition, the CoFe2O4 based soft magnetic ternary composited diatomaceous earth has potential applications in magnetic plastics, rubber functional filler fields. This study shows that the proposed technology is conducive to a substantial increasing economic value of the Xianfeng diatomaceous earth mining, has a broad industrial application prospects.
2013年S1期 v.33 89页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 39K] [下载次数：65 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：64 ] - SUN Xiao-hong;LIU Cheng-lin;JIAO Peng-cheng;XUAN Zhi-qiang;
The Lop Nur playa is located in the eastern part of the Tarim Basin, Xinjiang. From the late Middle Pleistocene to the Late Pleistocene, the Lop Nur gradually evolved into a salt lake. Huge amounts of glauberite minerals were deposited, accompanied by large-scale potash-bearing brines gathered. The unique sedimentary characteristics of the lake have not yet been identified.
2013年S1期 v.33 90页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 285K] [下载次数：29 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：68 ] - TAN Daoyong;YUAN Peng;Faza Annabi-Bergaya;LIU Dong;LIU Hongmei;
Tubular halloysite is a hydrated polymorph of kaolinite, commonly considered as its associated mineral. Due to its unique mesoscopic (2–50 nm) tubular structure, it has attracted great interest in the field of adsorption, catalysis, and nanocarrier. The halloysites in different deposits present various morphological properties which significantly affect the interface reactions with functional guests. These scattered properties in addition to their low purity severely limit the actual applications of halloysite in industry.
2013年S1期 v.33 91页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 40K] [下载次数：33 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：84 ] - TANG Jun;DONG Faqin;DAI Qunwei;DENG Yuequan;ZHOU Shiping;CHEN Wu;
In this paper, the dissolution characteristics of Xining dustfall in citric acid solution was studied to evaluate the physical chemical change in acid conditions. pH along with conductivity was tested with time. FTIR, SEM and ICP analysis were applied to analyze the residuum and filtrate after 2 days’ dissolution experiment. It was shown in the pH/conductivity variation, solution’s pH rise sharply in the front 4 hours, then decrease slowly. After 4 hours, both the pH and conductivity become stable. Based on combined analysis of XRD and FTIR spectrum of dustfall before and after dissolution, that calcite and dolomite in dustfall are dissolved completely in the 0.05M citric acid solution in two days. Besides, amount of metal cations were extracted from the dustfall during the dissolution, including Ca2+,K+,Mg2+,Fe3+,Al3+,Si. In general, after the dissolution of dustall in citric acid, some minerals are dissolved and amount of metal elements are extracted. Carbonate minerals almost dissolved completely, also the structure of silicate minerals changed as the extraction of elements.
2013年S1期 v.33 92页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 38K] [下载次数：23 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：80 ] - Tatyana Moroz;Victor Ponomarchuk;Sergey Goryainov;Konstantin Kovalev;
Graphite and graphite-like materials widely are present at black shale and magmatic ores. The nature of these carbon materials (CM) is multifarious. In what cause connects a mineralization with carbon. The great numbers of parameters, namely, the temperature, the pressure, the shear stress, the catalytic species, the host-rock lithology, the time and etc., have an influence on the graphitization process. Accumulations of gold and platinum group elements in black graphite shale and extraction of these metals from rocks depend in considerable degree from structural properties of CM. Raman spectroscopy has wide applied for various carbon modifications, including nano-structuring materials. The first and second-order Raman spectrum have been correlated with changes in the structure of graphite. There is a linear relationship between temperature and Raman R2 and R1 parameters (derived from the area and intensity of the defect band (D) relative to the ordered graphite band (G), respectively). The purpose of the present study is to characterize the rocks and CM from carbon-rich rocks of gold-ore deposits of the black-shale formation and magmatic ores using micro-Raman spectroscopy technique (Horiba Jobin Ivon LabRam spectrometer). Exciting was performed with 325 nm line of He-Cd laser. The graphite and graphite-like samples from many ore deposits of Russia and Kazahstan are investigations. R1 and R2 ratio indicate variable degree of organisation CM in the samples. The results show different spectral variations of CM with metamorphic grade: the well-ordered graphite from magmatic rocks, more - ordered and the disordered less graphitized CM from black-shale ores. For the first time in the world practice the Raman spectroscopy technique has been applied to determine the temperature of graphitizing for CM at gold-ore deposits of the black-shale formation. The temperatures obtained on carboniferous substance for the gold deposits range from 405°С to 280°С. Temperature of CM formation from Pt-low sulphide ores of the Talnakh deposit ranges from 4700C to 6500C. It has been shown that the carbon-rich phases from black-shale and magmatic rocks have various degrees of graphitization and different carbon forms.
2013年S1期 v.33 93页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 50K] [下载次数：57 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：112 ] - Victor V.Onufrienok;Maarten A.T.M.Broekmans;
Based on comprehensive analysis of the crystal structure, chemical and phase composition of natural arsenopyrite of the "Panimba" deposit (Krasnoyarsk region), an analytical expression for calculating the impurity density in structure of minerals type of marcasite are received.
2013年S1期 v.33 94页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 20K] [下载次数：18 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：67 ] - Walid Oueslati;Hafsia Ben Rhaiem;Abdesslem Ben Haj Amara;
The experimental prediction of the mechanical properties of minerals remains difficult because of their small particle size (typically < 2 micrometers). This work aims at examining, the effect of an applied mechanical constraint on the hydration behaviour in the case of Na rich-montmorillonite and its relation with the elastic properties. The mechanical constraint is created, at the laboratory scale, by applying a monoaxial pressure for unstressed host material (i.e. Na rich montmorillonite). The structural analysis before and after stress is achieved using an XRD profile modeling approach. This investigation allowed us to determine several structural parameters related to the nature, abundance, size, position and organization of exchangeable cation and water molecule in the interlamellar space along the c* axis. In order to evaluate the affected elastic properties, the GULP code have been used to study the structure and the interlamellar organization. Indeed, the bulk modulus and elastic constants of montmorilonite have been calculated from first principles within density functional theory (DFT). The obtained Young’s modulus for Na-montmorillonite interlayer varies from 5 GPa to 16 GPa. According to the interlamellar space configuration the calculated elastic constant tensors indicate that the a direction is slightly more flexible than the b direction. The calculated elastic constant tensor along c is much lower than the constants calculated along a and b.
2013年S1期 v.33 95页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 21K] [下载次数：40 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：73 ] - WAN Jun;JIA Shaohui;
In this paper, a high calcium high sulfate ash as the main material, adding fly ash, lime, cement, gypsum and some modifiers to prepare autoclaved aerated concrete. The products complies with the technical requirements of GB/T11968-2006. This paper also studies the influence of the physical methods and water ratio on autoclaved aerated concrete by high calcium high sulfate ash aerated concrete. The best ratio of water and Grinding time were found in practice study.
2013年S1期 v.33 96页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 19K] [下载次数：42 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：73 ] - WANG Fudong;ZHU Xiaoqing;WANG Zhonggang;HAN Tao;LI Zengsheng;SUN Xiaohui;LING Kunyao;
Tailings produced in a concentration plant are the discharge of solid wastes after grinding ore into size and selecting useful components in the specific economic and technological condition. According to statistics, for the mining of metal ore, non-metallic ore, coal, clay, etc, the production of tailings of the world is up to 100 million tons per year. The number of existing tailing piles is 12718 in China, of which the construction ones are 1526, accounting for 12% of the total, and the closed tailing piles are 1024, accounting for 8%. As of 2007, the national total tailings accumulation is 8.046 billion tons. The non-ferrous metal mining is one of the largest discharge of solid wastes industries because of its low comprehensive recovery rate. For example, the beneficiation and recovery rate of non-ferrous metal mine is from 50% to 60% in China, which is lower 10% to 15% than developed countries, and the associated non-ferrous metal recovery rate is 40%, which is lower 20% than developed countries. On the utilization of duns, Poland is 90% to 100%, United States, Australia, France, Canada, Belgium and other countries followed, while China is only about 20%. The utilization of fly ash is to 100% in Japan and Denmark, France is 65%, UK is 55%, and China is just 45%. Quantities of waste rock, waste slag, and waste water have occupied land, destructed vegetation, deteriorated the soil and water quality, and caused land subsidence, landslides, mud-flow and other geological disasters. Therefore, the comprehensive utilization of resources is the right choice of mining sustainable development, environment protection, resource conservation, economic and social development.
2013年S1期 v.33 97-98页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 47K] [下载次数：56 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：1 ] |[阅读次数：88 ] - WANG Linjiang;XIE Xiangli;Charles A.Wilkie;
Because of the dispersion at the nanometer level, polymer-clay nanocomposites exhibit superior properties in comparison with pure polymer or conventional composites; this includes properties such as barrier properties , improved thermal stability and flame retardancy. The outstanding properties of polymer-clay nanocomposites are achieved at a much lower volume fraction, compared with conventional composites. Polymer-clay nanocomposites can be processed using common techniques, such as extrusion and casting, which are superior to the cumbersome techniques used for the conventional composites. Hence, polymer-clay nanocomposites have important potential commercial value.
2013年S1期 v.33 99页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 35K] [下载次数：51 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：78 ] - WANG Maoli;YI Facheng;WANG Zhe;WAN Zhongyan;WANG Chong;WANG Jianwei;
The thermal property is one of the key properties for the design of the high-level radioactive waste (HLW) repository. In this study, the thermal properties transient automatic tester (HPP-F) is uesd to study the thermal conductivity of multiphase composite buffer/backfill material including the type B-Z and B-Z-P (Here B、Z、P represents bentonite、zeolite and pyrite respectively,the same as in the following.) in different dry density and moisture conditions. The results show that for the same moisture content (dry density), thermal conductivity of specimens increases as the dry density (moisture content) increases. As a result, the type B-Z-P which is highly compacted of 1.8 g/cm3 in dry density and 17.65% in moisture content performs well, it meets the requirements of the IAEA and is easy to be compacted ,so it can be recommend as a alternative material of high level radioactive waste disposal repository buffer/backfilling materials.
2013年S1期 v.33 100页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 38K] [下载次数：47 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：85 ] - WANG Rucheng;LI Chengxiang;LU Xiancai;ZHANG Ming;
Talc is a hydroxyled, magnesium-rich, layered silicate that has the ideal chemical formula Mg3Si4O10(OH)2. Due to its unique properties, such as softness, chemical inertness, high thermal stability, low electrical conductivity, lamellar habit, adsorption properties, and occurrence of a wide range of particle sizes that can be easily reduced by milling and high specific surface area, talc is widely used in many industries. A stratified deposit of unusual black talc, an occurrence of talc estimated to be more than half a billion tons, was found exposed in the late Neoproterozoic Dengying Formation, located in Guangfeng County, Jiangxi Province, southeastern China. The ores occur primarily as oolitic structures (Fig. 1). The mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of the ores were investigated by using multiple techniques. The ores were found to mainly consist of talc (30%–70%), dolomite, quartz, and magnesite. Most of talc crystals are ultrafine (with an average crystallite size of smaller than 5 μm) and appear as irregular broken or distorted lamellar flakes. The total organic carbon (TOC) content of the black talc ore samples is generally lower than 1.0%. Electron-microprobe analysis (EPMA) revealed low contents of Na, K, Ca and Mn, Fe, Ni, Al in the talc oolitic particles. The talc ores have low contents of toxic elements and relatively high contents of Li and Zn. The infrared spectrum of the black talc is similar to that of white talc from Trimouns (Pyrenees, France), and their Brunauer–Emmett-Teller (BET) specific surface areas, ranging from 15.7 to 23.2 m2/g, is much higher than those of white talc (normally lower than 5.0 m2/g), which may be due to the small size of the talc crystals.
2013年S1期 v.33 101页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 171K] [下载次数：46 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：64 ] - WANG Xiaoyu;L Guocheng;LIAO Libing;WU Limei;GONG Zhijin;
Microwave induced catalytic oxidation has been an important mean for treating high-concentration organic pollutants. Microwave catalyst is the key factor of the pollutants removal efficiency. Manganese oxides are excellent microwave absorbing materials which may play a potential role in treating organic pollutants by microwave induction. Manganese oxides are mainly constituted by [MnO6] octohedra connected to form framework or layered structures, and are usually classified into pyrolusite-ramsdellite family with (1×n) tunnel structure, hollandite-romanechite family with (2×n) tunnel structure, todorokite family with (3×n) tunnel structure and birnessite family with (1×∞) layered structure respectively. However, previous studies focused on the catalytic degradation efficiency or process conditions, lack of discussion on the related mechanism and few studies involved in the structural details of the catalysts.
2013年S1期 v.33 102页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 76K] [下载次数：62 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：85 ] - WANG Yong;YAN Ya'nan;
The use of zincilate production of concrete pavement brick both use of industrial solid waste, protect the environment and promoting building energy efficiency, there are huge comprehensive benefits. Based on the guizhou bijie zincilate as the main raw material preparation from concrete pavement brick, and the main factors which influence the quality of the products was investigated. The test results show that: Concrete pavement brick compressive strength at 28 days with zinc slag volume increases, zinc slag admixture is 40%, 28 days compressive strength is more than 32 MPa.
2013年S1期 v.33 103页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 19K] [下载次数：35 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：78 ] - WANG Yu;ZHONG Hao;YAN Nan;HU Haibo;CHEN Qianwang;
A nanocomposite of manganese dioxide coated manganese hexacyanoferrate was synthesized by a facile co-precipitation method and tested as active electrode material for an electrochemical supercapacitor. A way called "Deep electro-oxidation" was used to generate manganese dioxide coated layer for stabilizing the electrode material. The structure and ingredient of the resulting MnHCF/MnO2 composites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy. Electrochemical testing showed a capacitance of 225.6 F/g at a sweep rate of 5 mV/s within a voltage range of 1.3 V, and high energy density of 37.2 Wh/kg at a current density of 0.5 A/g in galvanostatic charge/discharge cycling. It is suggested that the two different components, manganese hexacyanoferrate core and manganese dioxide shell, lead to an integrated electrochemical behavior, and an enhanced capacitor. The electrochemical testing and corresponding XPS analysis also demonstrated that the manganese coordinated by cyanide groups via nitrogen atoms in MnHCF did not get involved in the charge storage process during potential cycles.
2013年S1期 v.33 104页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 20K] [下载次数：55 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：57 ] - WANG Yuesong;CHUAN Xiuyun;LI Lin;HUANG Du-bin;
An attempt was made to prepare carbon coated tourmaline by mixing tourmaline powders and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), followed by heat treatment in argon atmosphere. All samples were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, UV diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. Results showed that the residual carbon content was influenced by heat treatment temperature and the amount of PVA. The degradation of methylene blue by Carbon-coated tourmaline was also studied. The experiments pointed out that the carbon coated effects are best when the heating temperature was 900℃ and the weight content of PVA was 70%. And the tourmaline prepared under 900℃ in the oxidation atmosphere has the best degrade efficiency. The results also proved that the infrared radiation of tourmaline is not effect in the degrade progress.
2013年S1期 v.33 105页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 56K] [下载次数：35 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：76 ] - WANG Zhenyu;ZHANG Yunfeng;MAO Jian;ZHU Bo;
Based on analysisof karst fracture-vuggy filling mineralogy and geochemical fluorite in hercynian, this paper make further research about formation and significance of fluorite in central uplift of Tarim Basin. It is point out that the development of hercynian fracture-vuggy and filling succession of fracture-cave mineral was under the background of the mingling of low-temperature magma hydrotherm and the brine of upper strata. There are overlap or associate relations between generate of fluorite and buried dissolution or oil-gas migration. It was volume decreased 26.4% after calcite metasomatic by fluorite, this reaction made fluorite engender plentiful intergranular space. It’s created appreciable reservoir space. At same time, hydrotherm carried by fluorite generating could erode adjacent rock though fracture or fissure, forming irregular fracture-cave system, and also accompanied with hydrocarbon migration. The time of hydrocarbon migration and accumulation happened in late hercynian-indosinian is inosculates with the sedimentation time such as fluorite and several hydrothermal mineral.
2013年S1期 v.33 106页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 20K] [下载次数：43 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：96 ] - Wells M A;Ramanaidou E R;
Automated core scanning technologies for mineralogical characterisation of diamond core, drill chips pulps is now an established technique, particularly in the Australian iron ore industry, for mineral analysis in exploration and mining. Application of reflectance spectroscopy over the 400–2500 nm, visible to near-infrared wavelength range, has been used to characterise the iron ore oxide mineralogy of bedded iron deposit (BID) derived iron ores in India (Thangavelu et al., 2011) and Brazil (da Costa et al., 2009), and used to define the ore and gangue (e.g., clay) mineralogy in ironstone or channel iron deposits (CID) in the Pilbara region of Western Australia (e.g., Haest et al., 2012).
2013年S1期 v.33 107页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 22K] [下载次数：41 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：111 ] - WEN Mingfen;WANG Jianchen;
High level waste is nuclear energy generated during the application process ,which is the greatest and the most difficult to management the waste. Proper treatment and disposal of it has already become a worldwide problem, and has become one of the key factors of restricting nuclear energy for sustainable development. Zirconolite (CaZrTi2O7) is one of the most stable mineral on the Earth and actinide major parasitic phase, therefore, it is widely used to solidify actinides separated from high level radioactive waste. In this paper, the zirconolite solid solution was synthesized by high temperature solid-stated method using a particular composition of simulated Np/Pu radioactive incineration ash (SRIA). The phase composition has been investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), the calcined temperature gained according to thermogravimetry scanning calorimeter (TG-DSC) analysis. Anti-leaching performance has also been researched with MCC-1 method. Results show that CaZrTi2O7 can load 40% SRIA, the accumulated leaching fraction of Ca is only about 10-4 cm in 28 days at 90 ℃, the concentrations of Zr , Ti and other noble metal ions were all less than detectability of ICP-MS, the leaching rate , normalization leaching rate, and accumulated leaching fraction of all Zr , Ti and other noble ions were 10-8 cm/d, 10-8 g/cm2·d and 10-7 cm, the results indicate that the zirconolite solidification has excellent chemical durability.
2013年S1期 v.33 108页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 38K] [下载次数：22 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：89 ] - WU Caibin;SHI Guiming;
Kaolin ores in Huichang contains these minerals of quartz sand, kaolin, mica and feldspars. In order to recover these valuable resources, some experiments of screening, classification, magnetic separation, grinding and flotation are carried out on the basis of the kaolin ore properties. The test results indicate that quartz sand concentrate can be directly obtained when vibrating screen size used is 10 meshes. Materials that are smaller than the screen hole are injected to hydraulic cyclones which controlling classification size is 325 meshes; kaolin concentrate containing above 33.70% Al2O3 and 0.37% Fe2O3 can be well beneficiated from the overflow through magnetic separation with one stage rougher and cleaner to remove iron. On the other hand, the hydrocyclone spigot flow to grinding and flotation with one stage rougher and two scavengers, mica and feldspars concentrate can be beneficiated in sequence. Therefore, these valuable minerals of kaolin ores can be realized comprehensive utilization.
2013年S1期 v.33 109页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 19K] [下载次数：27 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：88 ] - WU Han;YANG Jing;MA Hongwen;
The potassium-feldspar can be decomposed using the KOH as additive via hydrothermal synthesis methods, which can destroy the structure of the potassium-feldspar and turns its K+ into water soluble potash resources and make its silica component utilized. The potassium-feldspar from Inner Mogolia was decomposed after iron removing and hydrothermal processes successively. The results showed(Table 1) that the iron could be removed up to 98.56% after the treatment of 90℃ for 2 hours with 5.8mol/L density of HCL solution. It is seen from the Table 1that the content of iron significantly decreased while the content of SiO2, Al2O3, K2O increase. The treated sample was used to be decomposed by hydrothermal method in KOH solution. The results showed that the dissolution rate of SiO2 could be up to 64.73% after the hydrothermal treatment of 260 ℃ for 2 hours with 1.2 mol/L density of KOH(Fig 1). The solid product is mailnly kalsilite phase.
2013年S1期 v.33 110页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 102K] [下载次数：36 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：82 ] - WU Honghai;JIANG Fenfen;GUAN Yufeng;CHEN Xiaoling;
The removal of the antibiotic compound tetracycline hydrochloride (TC) was investigated by using goethite/H2O2 as a heterogeneous Fenton reagent. Five principle operational parameters, especially solution pH value, were taken into account to investigate how the heterogeneous Fenton process factors mediated the TC removal. This process was effective but seriously impacted by the pH value and temperature, as well as the dosages of α-FeOOH, TC and H2O2. Very interestingly, the acidic and alkaline aqueous medium conditions were both very favorable due to the occurrence of transformation of Fe(III) to Fe(II) on goethite surfaces reduced by TC at pH 3.0~4.0 even though with a low adsorption capacity of TC because its maximum adsorption of negatively charged form occurred at pH around 8.0[1], thereby greatly promoting the TC Fenton oxidative elimination. However, a rapid initial TC decay was observed at the first 5 min, followed by a much slower retardation stage, which was likely because the reductive transformation of Fe(III) to Fe(II) by TC in the solution was inhibited as the Fenton reaction proceeded. Moreover, the hydroxyl radical scavenger t-butanol addition can decrease the removal rate of TC in the goethite/H2O2 system to a certain extent. This further indicated that the main reactive species in this process were hydroxyl radicals[2]. All the goethite-catalysed heterogeneous Fenton reactions are responsible for the TC removal following the Langmuir-Hinshelwood model, were well fitted to pseudo-first order kinetics (R2>0.99), and their apparent activation energy (E) for this Fenton-like reaction was 31.86 kJ mol 1, a low value that is highly consistent with the ease of TC decay greatly enhanced by the temperature rise, indicated that the interfacial controlling interactions such as a proton induced solubilization and a reductive dissolution of goethite can clearly improve its Fenton catalytic activity[3], and these dissolution processes may not be effective in some cases, while the TC adsorption process may always play an important role to control the TC removal rate during the Fenton reaction.
2013年S1期 v.33 111页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 63K] [下载次数：58 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：1 ] |[阅读次数：63 ] - WU Xiaowen;CHEN Yufei;HUANG Zhaohui;LIU Yangai;FANG Minghao;
Mica glass-ceramics were prepared by pressureless sintering with a phlogopite and various additives as raw materials. The effects of CaF2 content, Li2O content, ZrO2 content, and sintering temperature on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the mica glass-ceramics were investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and mechanical testing, respectively. The results show that the additive of ZrO2 has the best reinforcing effect on the flexural strength of the mica glass-ceramics. The smaller powder particles and the larger forming pressure result in the larger bulk density of the mica glass-ceramics samples. The main crystallite phases of samples with ZrO2 as additive were phlogopite and quartz with sintering temperature lower than 1120 ℃. The crystal phase of glass ceramics appeared fiberform and cross arranges with good lap. The highest value of flexural strength, 63.7 MPa, was shown on sample with 10wt% ZrO2 as additive and sintering temperature of 1120 ℃.
2013年S1期 v.33 112页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 38K] [下载次数：23 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：98 ] - WU Yan;LI Yonghuo;YANG Xiang;XIAO Wending;YANG Mei;ZHANG Ping;BAO Zhengyu;
Effective use of low-grade goethite ores in steel industry is necessary to achieve cost reduction and solve the problem of resource shortage. Biomass as heating and reducing agent attract much more attention for utilization in ironmaking process due to its low-carbon, energy-saving, emission-cutting and low-cost. We investigate three types of biomass (corn straw, pine sawdust, rice husk powders) roasting reduction mechanism and the magnetism of the roasting products. Structure analysis indicates that 15% dosage of each biomass mixed with goethite ores roasting at 550-600 °C for 1h could be effectively converted into strong magnetic product, i.e. maghemite (γ-Fe2O3). Weak magnetic separation shows that under the magnetic field of 200 kA/m, goethite ores roasted by 15% of pine sawdust could achieve TFe 61.64% with the recovery of 79.75%, TFe 61.75% with the recovery of 80.16% for roasting with rice husk, and TFe 61.47% with the recovery of 81.28% for roasting with corn straw.
2013年S1期 v.33 113页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 46K] [下载次数：33 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：73 ] - XIE Chaoming;LU Xiong;JIANG Lili;
Graphene oxide (GO) is a graphene derivatives that has oxygen-containing functional groups on the graphene basal plane, such as hydroxyl, carbonyl, epoxy and carboxyl groups. GO is considered as a promising material for biological applications owing to its excellent surface functionalizability, high specific suface area and good biocompatibility. In this study, GO/chitosan hybrid scaffolds were prepared for tissue engineering. Nano silver was loaded into the scaffold to improve its antibacterial ability and biomimetic Ca-P coatings were deposited on the scaffold surface to enhance its osteoconductivity. First, GO was prepared by the chemical oxidization of graphite. Secondly, nano-Ag loaded GO was prepared by chemical reducing Ag ions in GO solutions. Then, nano-Ag loaded GO solution was mixed with CS solution to form GO-CS gel. Chitosan (CS) and GO were crosslinked by electrostatic interactions between oxygen-containing functional groups of GO and NH2 groups of CS. The gel were freeze dried to produce nano-Ag loaded GO/CS hybrid porous scaffolds. Finally, the as-prepared scaffolds were immersed the into a supersaturated calcium phosphate solution (SCPS) for 7 days to deposite CaP coatings on the surface of the micropores. SEM images showed that nano-Ag uniformly distributed in the scaffold and the CaP covered most of the scaffold surfaces. In vitro cell culture and antimicrobial test indicated the biomimetic mineralized Ag-CS-GO scaffolds have good osteoconductivity and bactericidal ability.
2013年S1期 v.33 114页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 20K] [下载次数：35 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：113 ] - XIE Peng;HUANG Yang;YAN Fangfang;FENG Qiming;
Produced by the production of sulfuric acid from kaolinite type when the Fe2O3 and metakaolin together constitute the kaolinite type pyrite cinder is a typical industrial solid waste. Only in southern Sichuan China storage capacity has reached millions of tons, that caused serious impact on ecology and environment in this area. It also caused serious waste of resources. The magnetite concentrate and given priority to with partial kaolinite pyrite cinder tailings that were obtained by grinding and magnetic separation. This experiment studied the relationship composition and particle size with its activity when cinder tailings as cement mixed material. The results show that the particle size of D90 were 88 micron, 56 micron, 40 micron, the activity index were 1.036, 1.068, 1.102. The slag after magnetic separation is a kind of very good activity of cement mixed material. It can make good use of the industrial solid waste.
2013年S1期 v.33 115页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 19K] [下载次数：33 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：73 ] - XIE Xiande;ZHANG Hong;WANG Chunyun;
The Suizhou meteorite is an L6 chondrite. This meteorite is consisted of olivine, low-Ca pyroxene, plagioclase, FeNi metal, troilite, whitlockite, chlorapatite, chromite and ilmenite. Olivine and pyroxene grains display shock-induced mosaic texture, and most plagioclase grains were melted and transformed to maskelynite. This meteorite contains a few very thin shock-produced melt veins ranging from 20 to 100 μm in width. They are chondritic in composition and contain abundant high-pressure minerals in two assemblages. One is the coarse-grained assemblage of ringwoodite, majorite, lingunite with minor amount of tuite, xieite, the CF-phase, akimotoite and amorphized perovskite, and the fine-grained assemblage (the melt vein matrix) composed of majorite-pyrope garnet, magnesiowüstite. FeNi metal and troilite in the Suizhou shock veins were molten and occur as small intergrowth grains or veinlets filling the interstices of garnet crystals or cracks in the vein matrix. It was revealed that olivine, pyroxene and plagioclase in the Suizhou shock veins have transformed in solid state to their high-pressure polymorphs ringwoodite, majorite, and lingunite, respectively, without change in their chemical compositions.
2013年S1期 v.33 116页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 30K] [下载次数：39 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：103 ] - XIONG Ying;WANG Bing;
Magnetic properties of single-crystalline preferential {001}-oriented Bi2Fe4O9nanosheets with thickness of about 13 nm, synthesized via a facile hydrothermal method, have been investigated through variable temperature electron spin resonance measurement. A typical ferromagnetic state could be appeared in the measured temperature from 110 K to 300 K and the origin would be contributed to uncompensated surface spin due to its large surface-to-volume ratio and/or a few non-detectable impurities with strong magnetism. Interestingly, another weak ferromagnetic state could present below the temperature about 250 K, indicative of Neel temperature (TN) of antiferromagnetic state, which is slightly lower than that of bulksample of 265 K.
2013年S1期 v.33 117页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 20K] [下载次数：26 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：78 ] - XU Hong;YANG Lijun;ZHANG Desen;GAO Shen;
Located at the boundary of Chongli county, Chicheng county and Xuanhua county of Heibei province, the Dongping gold deposit is genetically affiliated to the late Jurassic- early Cretaceous volcanics and intrusives. The ore body is quartz vein- and alteration-type and pyrite and quartz are the dominant gold-bearing minerals.
2013年S1期 v.33 118页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 67K] [下载次数：63 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：70 ] - XU Longhua;HU Yuehua;WU houqin;DONG Faqin;JIANG Hao;WANG zhen;LIU Ruohua;
Effects of particle size and chain length on flotation of quaternary ammonium salts (QAS) onto kaolinite have been investigated by mico-flotation tests. The two kinds of quaternary ammonium salts [RN(CH3)3] with different chain lengths, dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride (DTAC) and cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC) were used as collectors for kaolinite in different particle size fractions (0.075–0.01 mm, 0.045–0.075 mm, 0–0.045 mm). The anomalous flotation behavior of kaolinite have been further explained based on crystal structure considerations by adsorption tests and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. The results show that the flotation recovery of kaolinite in all different particle size fractions decreases with an increase in pH when DTAC and CTAC are used as collectors. As the concentration of collectors increases, the flotation recovery increases. The longer the carbon chain of QAS is, the higher the recoveries of coarse kaolinite (0.075–0.01 mm and 0.045–0.075 mm) are. But the flotation recovery of the finest kaolinite (0–0.045 mm) decreases with chain lengths of QAS collectors increasing, which is consistent with the flotation results of unsifted kaolinite (0–0.075 mm). It is explained by the froth stability related to the residual concentration of QAS collector. In lower residual concentration, the froth stability becomes worse. Within the range of flotation collector concentration, it's easy of CTAC to be completely adsorbed by kaolinite in the particle size fraction (0–0.045 mm), which led to lower flotation recovery. Moreover, it is interesting that the particle size of kaolinite is coarser, the flotation recovery is higher. The anomalous flotation behavior of kaolinite is rationalized based on crystal structure considerations. The results of MD simulations show that the (001) kaolinite surface has the strongest interaction with DTAC, compared with the (001), (010) and (110) surfaces. On the other hand, when particle size of kaolinite is altered, the number of basal planes and edge planes is changed. It is observed that the finer kaolinite particles size become, the greater relative surface area of edges is, and the more the number of edges is. It means that fine kaolinite particles have more edges to adsorb less cationic colletors than that of coarse kaolinite particles, which is responsible for the poorer floatability of fine kaolinite.
2013年S1期 v.33 119页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 22K] [下载次数：55 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：73 ] - YAN Fangfang;XIE Peng;FENG Qiming;
By using hydrothermal synthesis method, successively adding tetrabutyl titanate and expandable flake graphite in 40 mL 0.95% NH4Cl solution prepared the nano TiO2/expandable flake graphite, which was then settled in muffle furnace in the expansion of 10 s under 800 ℃ and got nanosized TiO2/expanded graphite. Synthesized that with CoFe2O4 by chemical coprecipitation method finally prepared magnetic nanosized photocatalyst TiO2/expanded graphite. Magnetic nanosized TiO2/expanded graphite was studied on the photodegradation performance of methyl orange solution and the magnetic recovery after the degradation of methyl orange solution. The experiment result showed that in 50 mL 25 mg/L methyl orange solution joined 120 mg loading 50% TiO2 of the expanded graphite, exposed to ultraviolet irradiation for 1 h, the methyl orange decolorization ratio was 90%. When the load of CoFe2O4 in nanosized TiO2/expanded graphite reached 40%, its magnetic recovery efficiency reached 94.3%.
2013年S1期 v.33 120页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 37K] [下载次数：45 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：75 ] - YAN Yin;ZHOU Yongheng;
The thermal characteristic of cristobalite plays an important role in the application of casting industry. Because the phase transition of silica glass and cristobalite has low volume change, the block cristobalite had been manufactured by calcining fused silica ceramic, the XRD, SEM and thermal characteristics of the cristobalite had been tested. The result shows the formation of porous structure in the block cristobalite, and thermal expansion rate of the phase transition of β/αcristobalite reaches 1.5% at the temperature range of 250-290 ℃.
2013年S1期 v.33 122页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 82K] [下载次数：33 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：71 ] - YANG Bin;
Study on 3D terrain visualization is a hot research topic in GIS, virtual reality, computer graphics, digital photogrammetry and other fields, is also an important part of the digital earth strategy. Try to take advantage of IDL data processing and graphic display function and ArcEngine spatial analysis function, in the Visual c# under the environment of hybrid programming mechanism, use of component design and development of integrated development technologies analysis of terrain visualization application operating environment, realized the 3D digital terrain expression and spatial analysis function. The results show that the IDL and ArcEngine integrated development method applied to the 3D terrain visualization analysis software platform developed operability and extension force with strong, both in terms of space efficiency and image data analysis , development costs advantages.
2013年S1期 v.33 123页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 20K] [下载次数：71 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：70 ] - YANG Jing;MA Hongwen;PENG Hui;Zhang Pan;WU Han;
The decomposition of K-Feldspar is significant to the development and utilization of K-feldspar as potassium resources. Potassium feldspar powder was decomposed successfully by hydrothermal method using CaO additive. Tobermorite solid and KOH solution were obtained as a result of the hydrothermal decomposition.
2013年S1期 v.33 124页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 69K] [下载次数：35 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：68 ] - YANG Mei;XIAO Wending;YANG Xiang;LIANG Dongyun;WU Yan;
Using variety of modern testing methods, the processing mineralogical characteristics for a lead and zinc oxide ore in Sichuan were studied systematically. The chemical analysis result shows that the lead and zinc oxide content exceeding the minimum industrial grade and iron ore, total iron content reaches a minimum industrial grade and associated with gold and silver; The mineralogical analysis result shows that lead and zinc mineral composition and configuration are very complexity. The zinc minerals and zinciferous minerals are sphalerite, hemimorphite, Smithsonite, Hydrozincite, zinc chlorite, limonite, zinc dolomite and zincocalcite; lead minerals and plumbiferous minerals are mainly galena, cerussite, anglesite, limonite and Coronadite; The minerals disseminated grain size are very fine and mineral dissemination characteristics are very complex ; expected theoretical recoveries for lead and zinc were 72% and 67% respectively. The results of this study provide basic data and theoretical basis for ore dressing.
2013年S1期 v.33 125页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 20K] [下载次数：35 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：1 ] |[阅读次数：113 ] - YANG Xiaoxue;LU Anhuai;LI Yan;WANG Haoran;ZHU Yun;DING Hongrui;
Clay minerals are ubiquitous on epigeosphere, especially in soils and sediments where microbes thrive. The clay-microbe interactions are common in these geological media and greatly contribute to accelerating the mineral transformation process, e.g. the illitization of nontronite (a Fe-rich smectite) catalyzed by microbes under anoxic atmosphere in 2 weeks. However, few has considered montmorillonite, a Fe-poor smectite more typical in natural environments than nontronite. This study therefore focuses on the interaction between montmorillonite and bacteria under conditions relevant to those in natural soils and sediments.
2013年S1期 v.33 126页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 41K] [下载次数：44 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：1 ] |[阅读次数：64 ] - YANG Yan;CHEN Tianhu;LI Ping;LIU Haibo;SHI Yadan;ZHAN Xinmin;
A natural colloidal pyrite calcined in N2 atmosphere was utilized to remove Cu(II) from aqueous solutions in present work. Effect of calcination temperature, initial solution pH, reaction time, initial Cu(II) concentration, sorption temperature, foreign ions and the dissolved oxygen (DO) on Cu(II) removal was investigated. The results showed that colloidal pyrite calcined at 500-550°C (CCPy) has a most promising potential for Cu(II) removal. The increase of pH, initial Cu(II) concentration and reaction time benefited the improvement of Cu(II) removal efficiency. The isothermal adsorption data of CCPy was well described by Langmuir isotherms and the thermodynamic parameters (ΔG<0, ΔH>0), indicating the endothermic nature of Cu(II) sorption on CCPy. The presence of most common ions in acid mine drainage and DO just had little influence on the Cu(II) uptake. The observation implied that CCPy is a low-cost, abundant material for Cu removal from Cu waters.
2013年S1期 v.33 127页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 64K] [下载次数：20 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：1 ] |[阅读次数：87 ] - YIN Wanzhong;WANG Jizhen;XU Longhua;
The Influence of pulp pH, dispersants and auxiliary collectors on reverse flotation of carbonate-containing iron ores were explored. Interactions between iron ores and quartz were theoretically analyzed by flotation solution chemistry and DLVO theory. The results indicated that the iron concentrate grade improved sharply when pH increased from 11.0 to 12.0, but changed unobviously when pH was larger than 12.0, which was related to solution chemistry of siderite and interactions among particles. Sodium tripolyphosphate was an effective dispersant and sodium dodecyl sulfate was an effective auxiliary collector of KS-III. Both recovery and grade enhanced by the action of sodium dodecyl sulfate or sodium tripolyphosphate when pH was 12.0.
2013年S1期 v.33 128页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 19K] [下载次数：67 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：70 ] - YU Na;HONG Hanlie;LI Zhaohui;ZHANG Kexin;LI Rongbiao;
Linxia Basin is a late Cenozoic fault-block basin along the border between the Tibet plateau and the Loess plateau in Northwestern China. Its formation and sediments record may be directly affected by the structural dynamics and the uplift of the Tibet Plateau. For this reason, we studied the mineral characteristics of the Maogou formation of Miocene sediments using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The XRD results showed that quartz, chlorite, illite, calcite, plagioclase, orthoclase, kaolinite, and trace palygorskite are present throughout the sequence of the cross-section in Linxia basin. In contrast, gypsum and ankerite occur occasionally in the upper portion of the Miocene deposits. The content of calcite varied with layers in the profile and was relatively concentrated in mudstone. Chlorite and illite were observed transforming into palygorskite under SEM observation. Based on the mineral characteristics and the change of mineral composition, especially the clay minerals, it could be inferred that an arid environment prevailed in the region with warm and cold intervals during Miocene time.
2013年S1期 v.33 129页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 20K] [下载次数：42 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：80 ] - YU Wenbin;LIU Dong;YUAN Peng;YUAN Weiwei;DENG Liangliang;
Diatomite, a type of biogenic mineral, is sourced from deposition and accumulation of diatom shell. Diatom shells are mainly composed of amorphous hydrated silica, which is categorized as non-crystalline opal-A according to the mineralogical classification. Diatomite has a characteristic macro/mesoporous structure and unique physical and chemical capabilities, such as high thermal stability, strong acid resistance, and high adsorption capacity, and thus is widely used as the filter aid, catalytic support, and adsorbent. However, the low surface area of diatomite shows disadvantage in adsorption. Moreover, the hydrophilic surface which contains abundant silanols is usually covered by adsorbed water, resulting in that the adsorption sites of diatomite were occupied and the adsorption capacity of hydrophobic guests decreased. In previous reports, zeolitization was employed to increase the specific surface area (SBET) and porosity of diatomite. However, the hydrophilic property of diatomite was not changed after zeolitization. It is due to that the zeolite formed on the surface area of diatomite contained some aluminum in its structure, which was highly hydrophilic. Therefore, it is significantly interesting to prepare the zeolitized diatomite with both large SBET and high hydrophobicity.
2013年S1期 v.33 130页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 23K] [下载次数：47 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：146 ] - YUAN Peng;TAN Daoyong;Annabi-Bergaya Faza;LIU Dong;LIU Hongmei;
Naturally occurring tubular halloysite is a potential drug carrier because of the significant deposit, unique mesoscopic (2-50 nm) or even macroscopic (>50 nm) lumen, and excellent biocompatibility. The drugs loaded on halloysite exhibited slow release under the diffusion limitation by the halloysite nanotube. However, due to the weak interaction between halloysite and guest, the loading capacity of halloysite was relatively low. This drawback severely limits the application of halloysite as carrier in pharmaceutics. In this study, the performance of halloysite as carrier for ibuprofen (IBU) loading was investigated for the first time. The effects of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) modification and thermal treatment of halloysite on the loading and release of IBU were also studied. The purified halloysites were heated at 120 ℃ and 400 ℃ (labeled as Hal/120 and Hal/400), and then modified with APTES (labeled as Hal/120-A and Hal/400-A). The loading of IBU was achieved by soaking method (labeled as IBU-Hal/120, IBU-Hal/400, IBU-Hal/120-A, and IBU-Hal/400-A.). The in vitro drug delivery assays were performed in phosphate buffer solution. IBU was loaded mainly into the lumen and partially on the external surface of halloysite. The order of IBU contents was as follows: IBU-Hal/400-A (14.8wt%) > IBU-Hal/120-A (12.7wt%) > IBU-Hal/400 (11.8wt%) > IBU-Hal/120 (11.7wt%). The IBU was initially anchored to the surface hydroxyl groups of halloysite by hydrogen bonding, followed by further bonding of IBU with the anchored IBU to form hydrogen-bonded aggregates. The APTES modification of halloysite promoted the loading of IBU by introducing a strong affinity through electrostatic attraction between the introduced aminopropyl groups of APTES and the carboxyl groups of IBU. Thermal treatment at 400°C did not destroy the tubular morphology or the crystal structure of halloysite and had little effect on IBU loading in unmodified halloysite. However, thermal treatment by reducing water content in halloysite restricted the grafting of APTES in the lumen space, and further increased IBU loading. All IBU-loaded samples exhibit a burst release with a following slow release. However, owing to the strong electrostatic attraction in modified samples, the burst release was much more suppressed and the release rate was also lower than that in unmodified ones. The in vitro release profiles of the IBU-loaded samples were well fitted with the modified Korsmeyer-Peppas model. The IBU release mechanism of the unmodified samples was Fickian diffusion; however it was non-Fickian diffusion for the modified samples. The findings are of significance for broadening the use of halloysite as carrier for drugs and other active molecules in the pharmaceutical, pesticides, and coating industries.
2013年S1期 v.33 131页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 50K] [下载次数：49 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：86 ] - ZENG Qun;SHEN Keya;ZHOU Yongheng;
Cristobalite SiO2 can be obtained from the fused silica ceramic waste of ploysilicon plant, due to the phase conversion of fused silica to cristobalite during the process of polysilicon ingot. Cristobalite powder materials with high purity are manufactured by milling the discarded waste above. Thermal expansion rate of the cristobalite and gypsum bonding moulds were studied, which show that the thermal expansion of the cristobalite phase transition could effectively compensate for the shrinkage of the gypsum at the temperature between 200 ℃ and 400 ℃. Casting experiments with copper alloy show that the cristobalite can improve the thermal performance of moulds for precise casting of jewelry.
2013年S1期 v.33 132页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 38K] [下载次数：32 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：68 ] - ZENG Ya-li;HUO Ting-ting;DONG Fa-qin;WANG Li-min;DENG Jian-jun;
By detecting the influence of six main ingredients of PM2.5 mineral dusts on the A549 cell morphology, proliferation inhibition rate, micronuclei and DNA damage, to explore the genotoxicity of PM2.5 mineral dusts. (1) After exposure to six kinds of dusts of 200 μg/mL concentration for 24 hours, the morphology of A549 cells were observed using Wright-Giemsa staining. (2) After exposure to different concentrations of mineral dusts for 24 hours, the proliferation inhibition rate of A549 cells was detected by MTT assay. (3) Cells were exposed to PM2.5 mineral dusts at a concentration of 200 μg/mL for 24 h. After Wright-Giemsa staining, the rates of micronucleus cells were counted under oil microscope. (4) Observe Comet phenomenon by SCGE electrophoresis, the degree of DNA damage was observed by OTM. (1) Compared to the control group, membrane destruction, nuclear pyknosis and mineral surface adhesion were mainly seen in the Sericite group and Albite group. In the Quartz group and Montmorillonite group, enlarged cell gaps, loosely arranged cells, absorption of a large number of minerals on the cell surface, and cell pyknosis were observed. (2) The proliferation inhibition rate of the six kinds of dusts to A549 cells were (from large to small): KWC-M>Nano-SiO2>KWC-S>KWC-Q>KWC-A>KWC-C.The dust concentration was positively related to the inhibition of cell proliferation rate. (3) With the dusts concentration increased, the incidence of micronuclei gradually increased. The rate was positively correlated to exposure concentration. (4) The six mineral dusts can damage DNA of the A549 cells by dose-response relationship.The higher concentration of the mineral dusts, the more obvious of the DNA damagenation. There’s statistically significant compared with the control group. The six main ingredients of the PM2.5 mineral dusts can change A549 cell morphology from varying degrees, improve proliferation inhibition rate of the cells, increase the number of micronuclei cells, damage DNA.Then we come to the conclusion that PM2.5 mineral dusts can change the genotoxicity of the cells.
2013年S1期 v.33 133页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 40K] [下载次数：81 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：2 ] |[阅读次数：85 ] - ZENG Ya-li;HUO Ting-ting;DONG Fa-qin;WANG Li-min;DENG Jian-jun;
Detect the change of the Expression of oncoprotein on the Chinese hamster lung cells (V79 cells) which effect with two main district of China and four alternative chrysotile fiber to investigate the factors of lung cancer. V79 cells were exposed to the suspension of Chrysotile and its substitute with different powder content, the survival rate of cells was monitored by MTT. After 48 h, the location, distribution and expression of Survivin, Cap43, Bcl-2, p16 and p53 in V79 cell were examined by immunohistochemistry and compared. In the six kinds of powder, the inhibition of rockwool on the growth of cells was weakest, the inhibition of Chrysotile from Xinkang Sichuan and Southern Shanxi on the growth of cells was strongest. Chrysotile from Xinkang Sichuan, Chrysotile from Southern Shanxi, glass fiber, ceramic fiber, rockwool and wollastonite had a certain influence on the survival rate of V79 cells. As the concentration of powder increased the survival rate of cells decreased, which showed dose-effect relationship. The expression of Survivin, Cap43 and Bcl-2 was upregulated and the expression of P16 and P53 was downregulated in V79 cells, which was obviously in the powder suspension of Chrysotile from Southern Shanxi and Xinkang Sichuan and glass fiber. The expression was mainly in cytoplasm. The influence of different kind of powder on the cells differed in degree. Chrysotile and its substitute can induce the development of cancer by upregulating the expression of Survivin, Cap43 and Bcl-2 and downregulating the expression of p16 and p53.
2013年S1期 v.33 134页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 54K] [下载次数：23 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：77 ] - ZHANG Chao;GAO Wenyuan;ZHOU Shanglu;WANG Shujun;YANG Changwei;HUANG Fei;MAo Ning;
The Xiuyan Jade samples were treated under thermal conditions. By polarizing microscope, the three kinds of jade were choosed. With DTA-TG analysis, three transition temperatures were obtained which were 600℃, 770℃ and 840℃. The study interpreted the mechanism of Xiuyan Jade under thermal condition through XRD analysis results. The mechanism of antigorite thermal activation was as following: when the temperature reached 600℃, the hydroxyl in octahedral sheet began dehydrating, and the new mineral phase forsterite was found, but the layer structure was maintained; when the temperature reached 770℃, the layer structure of antigorite was destroyed; when the temperature reached 840℃, the crystallinity of forsterite was improved, then another new mineral phase enstatite appeard. For talc, it was likely turn to enstatite directly while the temperature rising, and the appearance of SiO2 was most likely due to the conversion of talc.
2013年S1期 v.33 135页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 52K] [下载次数：59 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：81 ] - ZHANG Ling;DONG Faqin;HE Xiaochun;
This article describes the characteristics of natural dusts, artificial dusts and industrial dusts, such as mineral phases, chemical components, morphological observation and size. Quartz and calcite are the main phases of natural dusts and industrial dusts with high SiO2, CaO and low K2O, Na2O on the chemical composition. Natural dusts are mainly irregular shaped and some particle aggregation made of small dusts on the surface of large dust. Industrial dusts are globular and blob-like, but artificial dusts are columnar and fibrous. The fine particles are mainly in the range of 0.3-5 μm,of which the dusts of less than 5 μm are over 99%.The dissolution and electrochemical action of dusts in glutamic acid liquor at the simulated human body temperature (37 ℃) in 32 hours were investigated. The changes of pH values and electric conductivity of those dusts were similar, increased slowly in first 8 hours, and then the pH values increased rapidly. The total amount of dissolved ions of K, Ca, Na, Mg was 35.4-429 mg/L, particularly Ca was maximal of 20-334 mg/L. The total amount of dissolved ions of Fe, Zn, Mn, Pb, Ba was 0.18-5.59 ppm and the Al, Si was 3.0-21.7 mg/L. Each element dissolved rapidly relatively in first 16 hours. The relative solubility order of dusts in glutamic acid are: wollastonite > serpentine > sepiolite, the cement plant industrial dusts > power plant industrial dusts, and natural dusts have similar solubility. The wollastonite and power plant industrial dusts have highest solubility, which have high content of CaO; this shows there are a poorer corrosion-resisting ability and lower bio-resistibility. Sepiolite and cement plant industrial dusts have lowest solubility, which have high content of SiO2; this shows there are a higher corrosion-resisting ability and stronger bio-resistibility.
2013年S1期 v.33 136页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 66K] [下载次数：23 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：61 ] - ZHANG Pan;MA Hongwen;YANG Jing;MA Xi;SU Shuangqing;
Nepheline syenite is an important potassium-rich rock resource. Nepheline syenite powder was decomposed successfully by hydrothermal reaction using NaOH additive. Hydroxycancrinite (Na8(Al6Si6O24)(OH)2·2H2O ) solid and (K,Na)2SiO3 solution was obtained as a result of the hydrothermal reaction.
2013年S1期 v.33 137页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 134K] [下载次数：33 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：84 ] - ZHANG Xianghui;HE Chuan;WANG Ling;DENG Miao;LIU Jing;FENG Qian;
The thermal decompositions of Ca-bentonites (CaB) from Santai ,Shichuan Province, China over the temperature rage of 30-1100℃ were investigated by simultaneous thermal analyzer. Non-isothermal Kinetic analysis were employed to study the thermal decomposition mechanism by using Netzsch Thermokinetics software. The dependence of the activation energy on conversion degree were evaluated by isoconversional methods. The probably mechanism and the corresponding kinetic parameters were determined by multivariate non-linear regression program.
2013年S1期 v.33 138页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 38K] [下载次数：36 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：60 ] - ZHANG Ye;WEI Qing;BI Hong;QI Linxiang;ZHANG Hong;
The toxic effects to microorganism induced by nanomaterials have received considerable attentions in the past decades [1]. Herein, two diverse nanomaterials i.e. multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and mesoporous silica nanospheres (MSNs) were prepared to investigate their deleterious effects on Caenorhabditis. elegans (C. elegans)[2-3]. As shown in Figure 1A, histidine functionalized MWCNTs (his-MWCNTs) were in length of ~500 nm with outer diameter ~20 nm, while fluorescein isothiocyanate dyed MSNs (FITC-MSNs) were in an average diameter of ~70 nm (Figure 1B). Microscopic images display his-MWCNTs having been ingested into intestine of C. elegans after co-incubation for 2 h, as arrowed in Figure 1C and 1E. In contrast, no MSNs were observed to be ingested after co-incubating in the same liquid medium. However, fluorescence microscopic images (Figure 1D and 1F) demonstrate that FITC-MSNs could be ingested by C. elegans after co-incubation for 24 h or longer time via seeding Kingagar plates with FITC-MSNs.
2013年S1期 v.33 139页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 90K] [下载次数：30 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：83 ] - ZHANG Zepeng;WAN Fang;ZHANG Chaoqin;LIAO Libing;
Montmorillonites (MMT) was modified with nonionic surfactant Trion X-100 (OP-10) and anionic surfactants sodium stearate (SSTA) and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) respectively. In this study, the effects of anionic surfactant types and MMT types on modification montmorillonite were investigated. XRD analysis results showed that SSTA/OP-10/MMT and SDBS/OP-10/MMT were successfully obtained. The basal spacing of SSTA/OP-10/MMT reached 5.07nm and the SSTA intercalation reaction was relatively stable. Different types of MMT (Xinjiang natural sodium montmorillonite(MMT-1), Jianping sodium montmorillonite (MMT-2) and artificial sodium montmorillonite(MMT-3)) were modified with SSTA/OP-10. XRD test results showed that MMT-1, MMT-2 and MMT-3 can be modified by SSTA/OP-10. Anion-nonionic organic montmorillonite (SSTA/OP-10/MMT-1, SSTA/OP-10/MMT-2 and SSTA/OP-10/MMT-3 were successfully obtained respectively. The higher expansion capacity was found to be beneficial to organic modification.
2013年S1期 v.33 140页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 20K] [下载次数：49 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：70 ] - ZHAO Cuiting;ZHAO Qinglin;ZHANG Yulin;ZHOU Mingkai;
Gum arabic, an inexpensive dispersant widely used in the food industry, has great potential for application in building materials. In order to find out the dispersion effect of gum arabic and the factors influencing the holding capacity of gum arabic in cement during hydration, rheological properties of cement paste with added gum arabic were assessed in this paper. The results show that 0.10wt%-0.60wt% of gum arabic positively affects dispersion, lower dosages have negligible effect. High speed mixing is required to maintain the dispersion stability of gum arabic in cement paste. The optimum dosage of gum arabic to achieve best disperse-holding capacity of cement paste was 0.3wt%, and the minimum water-cement ratio needed to obtain a dispersion effect was 0.28.
2013年S1期 v.33 141页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 19K] [下载次数：60 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：58 ] - ZHAO Xueqin;ZHANG Yunfeng;WANG Zhenyu;MA Qin;Yin Tiejun;
Based on the analysis of the morphology, order, cathodoluminescence and microelement of the calcite crystals in the pores of Upper Ordovician limestone in Tazhong oilfield of Tarim Basin, this paper suggest that the calcite crystals can divided 11 kinds of cements into three stages, and confirms their cementation sequence characteristics and formation environment. First stage of the cementation occurred on the bottom of the diagenetic environment, the product of which mainly are microcrystalline, fine shape, radiation fibrous, fasciculation, radiation axis shape calcites and a ball-like aragonite, whose filling pore is 0%–30%; the second one occurred in the atmospheric fresh water environment, with main cement types of crescent or pendulous shape, vadose silt, hyperplasia of coaxial, the filling pore of which is 5%–100%; the third one occurred in a burial environment, the crystals of which are bright and thick, mainly coarse sparry and poikilitic calcite, with filling pore of 5%–5%. In this paper, influence from each stage of cementation on porosity is analyzed, and pore evolution is established.
2013年S1期 v.33 142页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 20K] [下载次数：30 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：132 ] - ZHOU Guobiao;PENG Tongjiang;SUN Hongjuan;
Chemical and mineralogical characterizations of high Ti-bearing blast furnace slag in Panzhihua region were investigated and the technical approach "recycling Fe by magnetic separation-extracting Al by sulfation roasting and water leaching-extracting Ti by acidolysis" was proposed for recycling the valuable elements from the special mineral resources. The results show that the most valuable metal is Ti (20.46% TiO2, mass fraction). Other metals, such as Al, Mg and Fe can also be seen as valuable metal to be recovered. Minerals such as perovskite, diopside and spinel are disseminated in the slag. Metallic iron usually filling in the diopside, the Ti element in the slag is distributed widely in many types of mineral phases and Ti component enriches mainly in perovskite phase. It is highly euhedral and mostly disseminates in the diopside, usually presents an equiaxed or irregular granular shape, particles are commonly tiny, in the range of 10–20 μm.
2013年S1期 v.33 143页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 46K] [下载次数：27 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：74 ] - ZHOU Hong;DING Hao;WANG Mengmeng;YV Shouren;L Guocheng;
For the purpose of increasing the dispersion of anatase titanium dioxide(A-TiO2)in organic matrix, the surface organic modification of A-TiO2 with the modifier of sodium stearate and sodium oleate, respectively, was studied. The process condition of modification was optimized, the performance of modified A-TiO2 was characterized and the mechanism between modifier and A-TiO2 was analyzed. The main contents and results are as follows
2013年S1期 v.33 144页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 40K] [下载次数：52 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：66 ] - ZHU Jianxi;QING Yanhong;MA Lingya;
In the past four decades, there is a growing use of surfactant modified clay complexes in wide range of applications. The mostly used surfactants to modify the swelling clay minerals are cationic surfactants, such as quaternary ammonium, which consists of two distinct moieties, a hydrophilic head, where the positive charge is concentrated, and a hydrophobic hydrocarbon chain tail. During the surface modification, this kind of surfactant molecules attach on the inner and outer surface of clay minerals, the hydrophilic surface of raw clay minerals may changed into hydrophobic surface. The changes of organophilicity and hydrophobicity of clay minerals enable them used in more wide fields, such as adsorbents for organic contaminant, geotechnical barriers, filling of nanocomposite, etc.
2013年S1期 v.33 145页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 21K] [下载次数：27 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：118 ] - ZHU Runliang;ZHAO Junbo;ZHU Jianxi;HE Hongping;
Organoclays synthesized with small organic cations can effectively adsorb hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs), and the hydrophobic siloxane surfaces of clay minerals have been considered as the main adsorption sites for HOCs. Therefore, reducing charge density of clay minerals which can effectively increase the exposed siloxane surface areas has been generally used to enhance the adsorption capacity of organoclays towards HOCs. In this work, we will present a new method to increase the exposed siloxane surface areas of the synthesized organoclays and enhance their adsorption capacity. Firstly, the original inorganic cations on montmorillonite were exchanged with Li+, and then part of the Li+ (i.e., 20% to 60% of the montmorillonite’s CEC) were further exchanged with tetramethylammonium cation (TMA). After that ,the samples were heated at 200 ℃ for 12 h to make sure most of the Li+ were transferred to montmorillonite layers. With this method the layer charge of montmorillonite can be effectively reduced while the layered structure of montmorillonite will be preserved by pre-exchanged TMA. Finally, the remaining Li+ cations were further exchanged with TMA. The structural and adsorptive characteristics of the resulting organoclays were compared with those synthesized using traditional method (i.e., first reducing the charge density and then exchanging TMA).
2013年S1期 v.33 146页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 41K] [下载次数：44 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：122 ] - ZHU Xiangyu;WANG Rucheng;LU Xiancai;
Formation and dissolution of secondary arsenic minerals often play significant roles in controlling arsenic mobility in contaminated environments, especially in sulfide mines. Weathering of the orpiment and realgar-bearing tailings from the Shimen realgar deposit, the largest realgar deposit in Asia, were studied. An integrated mineralogical analysis by using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Raman spectrum, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) reveals four kinds of As-bearing secondary minerals including arsenic oxides, arsenates, As-gypsum, and As-Fe minerals. The precipitation of arsenates is due to interaction of As-bearing run-off waters and the underlying carbonate rocks, or the transformation of gypsum into arsenates or As-bearing gypsum through SO42-/HAsO42- substitution. Ca-arsenates are mainly weilite and pharmacolite with Ca/As atomic ratio of 1. Scanning transmission X-ray microscope (STXM) and X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) reveal that the valence of arsenic is mainly +3 and +5.
2013年S1期 v.33 147页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 21K] [下载次数：35 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：68 ] 下载本期数据